Predloga:IPA
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This template ensures proper display of a transcription in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It can also automatically provide a label indicating the language being transcribed and link to an explanatory guide. Its behavior changes drastically depending on whether more than one unnamed parameter is given. For broad transcriptions of English, use {{IPAc-en}} instead.
Usage
[uredi kodo]The behavior of this template changes drastically depending on whether more than one unnamed parameter is given.
| Uporaba | Izpis |
|---|---|
{{IPA|/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/}}
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/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/ |
{{IPA|la|ˌloːrɛm ˈɪpsʊm}}
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latinsko: [ˌloːrɛm ˈɪpsʊm] |
Basic mode
[uredi kodo]The basic usage of this template is just to pass an IPA transcription as the first argument, as in:
| Uporaba | Izpis |
|---|---|
{{IPA|/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/}}
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/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/ |
Which might not look different from just the transcription without the template (/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/), but it actually outputs:
<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˌlɔːrəm<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɪpsəm/</span>
That is, it adds
- the
IPAclass, allowing registered users to assign a typeface of their choice (see Help:IPA § Rendering issues for how); - an IETF language tag indicating IPA as the writing system (see Template:Lang § Rationale for more);
- a title attribute, which appears as a tooltip when the mouse hovers over the transcription;
- the
nowrapclass, preventing line wrapping at inappropriate places like after/orˌ; - the
wrapclass to whitespace characters, allowing wrapping to occur at appropriate places.
All IPA text should be placed in the template, even if it consists entirely of ASCII characters, as in {{IPA|/mi/}}. This allows users to format all examples of IPA text consistently, and software like screen readers to interpret them accurately. If a substantial portion of a page uses IPA, post notice of that fact with {{IPA notice}}.
Issue with linking
[uredi kodo]If the template is inside a wikilink, the link may not display correctly in certain namespaces (including the mainspace):
| Uporaba | Izpis |
|---|---|
[[Lorem ipsum|{{IPA|/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/}}]]
|
[[Lorem ipsum|/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/]] |
This is because the template by default inserts a category. To prevent it, add |cat=no, as in:
| Uporaba | Izpis |
|---|---|
[[Lorem ipsum|{{IPA|/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/|cat=no}}]]
|
/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/ |
Optional parameters
[uredi kodo]lang- IETF language tag (e.g.
ar,pt-BR) to be followed by-Latn-fonipa, replacingund(undetermined). tooltip- Replaces the default tooltip "Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)". Leaving it blank means no tooltip.
Guide-linking mode
[uredi kodo]If more than one unnamed parameter is given, the first one is recognized as a language code and the second as the transcription. The transcription is automatically linked to one of the language-specific keys if a corresponding one exists, or to Help:IPA if not, and preceded by a label with the name of the language, as in {{lang-xx}}. Unlike in the basic mode, brackets are automatically added so need not be included in the input.
| Uporaba | Izpis |
|---|---|
{{IPA|la|ˌloːrɛm ˈɪpsʊm}}
|
latinsko: [ˌloːrɛm ˈɪpsʊm] |
{{IPA|pt-BR|sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu|lang|Br-SaoPaulo.ogg}}
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brazilsko portugalsko: [sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu] |
{{IPA|ki|ɣēkōjó|link=yes}}
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kikujsko: [ɣēkōjó] |
{{IPA|und|ʔ|}}
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[ʔ] |
Notice the transcriptions are linked to language-specific keys in the first two examples, and to the generic guide in the rest. The language name and article link are automatically taken from Module:Lang by passing the language tag, unless overridden in Module:IPA/data.
The behavior in this mode mimics {{IPA-xx}} templates that were created for a number of languages. {{IPA}} consolidates those templates for better maintenance and consistency, and is now the recommended template.
Parameters
[uredi kodo]- First unnamed parameter
- IETF language tag (e.g.
ar,pt-BR). See Template:Lang for more. - Second unnamed parameter
- Transcription, without brackets.
- Third unnamed parameter
- Label code. Leave it blank to have no label at all. The label "[language name] pronunciation:" is used if the input is not empty but none of the below.
lang: "[language name]:"ipa: "IPA:"pron: "pronounced"also: "also"alsolang: "also [language name]:"langalso: "[language name] also"local: "locally"localpron: "local pronunciation:"
- Fourth unnamed parameter
- Name of an audio file to accompany the transcription.
label- Text that precedes the transcription. Takes precedence over the third unnamed parameter.
link- If set to
yes, the language name in the label will be linked to the article about the language. small- If set to
no, the label appears in the same size as the surrounding text. Be sure to use this where the text is already smaller, per MOS:SMALLTEXT (references, infoboxes, and navboxes are excluded by default). generic- If set to
yes, the transcription is linked not to the language-specific key but to the generic Help:IPA. This is required if the transcription does not adhere to the conventions laid out in the language-specific key.
List of keys
[uredi kodo]These are defined in Module:IPA/data.
Common parameters
[uredi kodo]These parameters can be used in either mode.
audio- Name of an audio file to accompany the transcription. Takes precedence over the fourth unnamed parameter.
wrap- If set to
none, wrapping is prevented for the entire transcription (i.e. thewrapclass is not added to spaces). If set toall, no wrapping prevention takes place (i.e. thenowrapclass is not added to the transcription). class- HTML class(es) added to the span element containing the transcription.
cat- If set to
no, the page will not be categorized under Category:Pages with plain IPA (basic mode) or a language-specific subcategory of Category:Pages with IPA (guide-linking mode).
Tracking categories
[uredi kodo]- A subcategory of Category:Pages with IPA (if this is a red link, create it with the content
{{IPA language category}}) - Category:IPA template errors – added if more than one parameter is given and the first is an invalid language tag
- Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations – added if the transcription has audio
These are added only in Module:Category handler's default namespaces. If |debug=yes is given, the categories that would be added are shown as links, no matter the namespace. This is for testcases only.
TemplateData
[uredi kodo]TemplateData
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This template ensures proper display of transcriptions using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Its behavior changes drastically depending on whether more than one unnamed parameter is given. For dialect-neutral transcriptions of English, use IPAc-en instead.
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Conversion templates
[uredi kodo]Some language-specific templates allow you to enter ordinary letters (or conventional ASCII equivalents) in place of IPA characters, and convert them to the phonetic symbols used to transcribe the language.
| Language | Template | Code example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cantonese | {{IPAc-yue}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-yue|h|ung|2|.|z|i|2}}
|
[hǒŋ.tsǐː] |
| Hungarian | {{IPAc-hu}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-hu|'|m|a|gy|a|r}}
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Predloga:IPAc-hu |
| Mandarin | {{IPAc-cmn}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2}}
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[ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ] |
| Polish | {{IPAc-pl}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-pl|'|sz|cz|e|ć|i|n}}
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[ˈʂt͡ʂɛt͡ɕin] |
Some other conversion templates have also been created, but they haven't been vetted by the community and may not produce output complying with the respective keys.
Uporaba IPA predlog za izgovorjavo
[uredi kodo]Wikipedija ponuja več predlog za pravilen prikaz IPA transkripcij.
IPA pisava
[uredi kodo]Na splošno je treba simbole IPA na strani vključiti v predlogo {{IPA}}, ki besedilo oblikuje v pisavi, ki vsebuje IPA. Če se na strani v večjem delu uporablja IPA, je običajno, da na strani objavite obvestilo z uporabo predloge {{Vsebuje posebne znake|IPA}}.
Če je IPA predloga uporabljena premalokrat, da bi bilo potrebno obvestilo, razmislite o predlogi, ki za prvi primer IPA na strani ali v razdelku vsebuje povezavo do ključa IPA.
Slovenske besede
[uredi kodo]Za slovenske besede v širokem, neregionalnem prepisu, kot je izgovorjava ključne besede v članku, uporabite slovenska izgovarjava: [{{{1}}}], ki se poveže na Pomoč:IPA/slovenščina, tabelo podskupine IPA, ki je pomembna za slovenščino, in avtomatizira pretvorbo v IPA, tako da se {{IPA-sl|ˈtɾiːɡlau̯|pron}} prikaže kot izgovarjava [ˈtɾiːɡlau̯]. Ta omogoča povezave do simbolov, ki se prikažejo z miško, in je za zdaj najprimernejša predloga.
Za specifično transkripcijo regionalne vrste uporabite {{IPA-endia}} ali {{IPA-all}}.
Neslovenske besede
[uredi kodo]Za besede, ki niso asimilirane v slovenščino, regionalne izgovore slovenskih besed in nestandardna slovenska narečja, uporabite predloge, ki se povezujejo s splošnejšo Pomoč:IPA tabelo, ki vsebuje vse glavne IPA simbole:
- {{IPA-all}}, se prikaže kot: IPA: [word]. Ali:
- Za določene jezike lahko obstajajo posebni ključi IPA za standardizirano transkripcijo. Na voljo je več možnosti za njihov prikaz. Prva celica vsebuje kodo ISO jezika, druga je transkripcija, tretja uvodni stavek, četrta pa prostor za zvočno datoteko. Na primeru francoske besede eau [o] lahko uporabimo privzeto obliko:
{{IPA-fr|o}}→ francoska izgovorjava: [o]
- Lahko pa kot uvod uporabite besedo "izgovorjeno kot":
{{IPA-fr|o|pron}}→ izgovorjava [o]
- Samo ime jezika:
{{IPA-fr|o|lang}}→ francosko: [o]
- Samo "IPA":
{{IPA-fr|o|IPA}}→ IPA: [o]
- Samo povezava:
{{IPA-fr|o|}}→ [o]
- Katerokoli izmed teh lahko združite z zvočno datoteko:
{{IPA-fr|o|lang|Fr-eau.ogg}}→ francosko: [o] ()
- Za privzeti uvodni stavek pa je potreben nadomestni znak, kot je "-":
{{IPA-fr|o|-|Fr-eau.ogg}}→ francoska izgovorjava: [o] ()
Podprti jeziki in predloge
[uredi kodo]Jeziki brez namenskih ključev
[uredi kodo]Za jezike, ki še nimajo posebnih strani s ključi, so bile ustvarjene predloge. Transkripcije, ki uporabljajo te predloge, bodo za zdaj povezane s Pomoč:IPA; ko bo ustvarjen jezikovno specifičen ključ, bodo predloge ustrezno povezane. Na primer, za javanščino lahko uporabite {{IPA-jv|word}}, vendar se bo zaenkrat povezala z Pomoč:IPA, kar bo povzročilo javanska izgovorjava [word].
Jeziki in jezikovne razširitve (IPA-xx) s povezavami na Pomoč:IPA
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Pretvorba v IPA
[uredi kodo]Predloga {{x2i}} vzame simbole X-SAMPA (ASCII IPA enakovredni simboli) in jih pretvori v IPA.
Druge predloge za posamezne jezike omogočajo, da namesto znakov IPA vnesete navadne črke (ali običajne ustreznike ASCII), ki se samodejno pretvorijo v fonetične simbole, ki se uporabljajo za prepisovanje jezika. V nadaljevanju so prikazane trenutno razpoložljive predloge s primeri:
| Jezik | Predloga | Primer kode | Izpis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabščina | {{IPAc-ar}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-ar|2|a|l|l|u|gh|a|t_|a|l|3|a|r|a|b|i|y|y|a}}
|
[ʔalluɣat‿alʕarabijja] |
| Kantonščina | {{IPAc-yue}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-yue|h|ung|2|.|z|i|2}}
|
[hǒŋ.tsǐː] |
| Angleščina | {{IPAc-en}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-en|,|{|l|@|'|b|{|m|@}}
|
/ˌæləˈbæmə/ |
| Francoščina | {{IPAc-fr}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-fr|j|@|-|s|U|i|s_|a|m|é|r|i|c|ain}}
|
[ʒə sɥi.z‿ameʁikɛ̃] |
| Gruzijščina | {{IPAc-ka}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-ka|dz|a|l|a|_|e|r|t|o|b|a|sh|i|a}}
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Predloga:IPAc-ka |
| Hebrejščina | {{IPAc-he}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-he|y|a|ʿ|a|k|o|v}}
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Predloga:IPAc-he |
| Madžarščina | {{IPAc-hu}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-hu|'|m|a|gy|a|r}}
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Predloga:IPAc-hu |
| Irščina | {{IPAc-ga}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-ga|'|b|ai|l'|@|-|'|á|th|@|-|'|c'|l'|ia|th}}
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Predloga:IPAc-ga |
| Italijanščina | {{IPAc-it}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-it|'|ì|o|_|'|s|o|:|n|o|_|a|m|e|r|i|'|c|a|:|n|o}}
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[ˈio ˈsoːno ameriˈkaːno] |
| Japonščina | {{IPAc-ja}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-ja|ku|ro|si|o}}
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[kɯɾoɕio] |
| Korejščina | {{IPAc-ko}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-ko|h|a|ng|eo}}
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Predloga:IPAc-ko |
| Mandarinščina | {{IPAc-cmn}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2}}
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[ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ ɻə̌nmǐn kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌kwǒ] |
| Maorščina | {{IPAc-mi}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-mi|ng|ā|r|u|a|'|w|ā|h|i|a}}
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Predloga:IPAc-mi |
| Marshallovščina | {{IPAc2-mh}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc2-mh|mhahjelh}}
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Predloga:IPAc2-mh |
| Polščina | {{IPAc-pl}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-pl|'|sz|cz|e|ć|i|n}}
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[ˈʂt͡ʂɛt͡ɕin] |
| Portugalščina | {{IPAc-pt}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-pt|p|o|<|r|t|u|'|g|a|l|lang=pt}} and {{IPAc-pt|b|r|a|'|S|i|l|lang=br}}
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Predloga:IPAc-pt and Predloga:IPAc-pt |
| Romunščina | {{IPAc-ro}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-ro|ˈ|m|U|n|ț|ii|_|f|ă|G|ă|ˈ|r|a|ș|U|l|U|i}}
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Predloga:IPAc-ro |
| Španščina | {{IPAc-es}} (uporaba) | {{IPAc-es|m|i|'|gu|e|l|_|d|e|_|c|e|r|'|v|a|n|t|e|s|_|s|aa|'|v|e|d|r|a}}
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Predloga:IPAc-es |
Ustvarjene so bile tudi naslednje predloge, vendar jih skupnost ni preverila in morda ne bodo delovale pravilno:
- {{IPAc-ang}} (uporaba): Stara angleščina
- {{IPAc-de}} (uporaba): Nemščina
- {{IPAc-is}} (uporaba): Islandščina
- {{IPAc-la}} (uporaba): Latinščina
- {{IPAc-nl}} (uporaba): Nizozemščina
- {{IPAc-uk}} (uporaba): Ukrajinščina
Glej tudi
[uredi kodo]- {{Respell}}