Neraketna izstrelitev v vesolje
Neraketna izstrelitev v vesolje (angleško non-rocket space launch – NRS) je način izstreljevanja tovora in ljudi v vesoljski prostor brez uporabe konvencionalnih raket ali pa samo z njihovo delno uporabo. Glavni cilj je zmanjšanje stroškov transporta v vesoljski prostor. NRS bi lahko omogočil projekte, kot so kolonizacija vesolja, rudarjenje asteroidov, vesoljske sončne elektrarne in druge projekte, ki s trenutno tehnologijo niso možni.
Obstaja več konceptov npr. vesoljsko dvigalo, vesoljska fontana, skyhook, orbitalni obroč, vesoljski top in več drugih.
Trenutno so edina možnost rakete s ceno približno 10000 $ do 25000 $ na kilogram tovora. Rakete so zanesljive v približno 97 % primerih. V nekaterih primerih npr. raketoplan Space Shutlle se je dalo nekatere komponentne večkrat uporabiti, vendar je bila cena izstrelitve še vedno visoka.
Primerjava različnih načinov
[uredi | uredi kodo]metoda(a) | prva objava | okvirna cena izgradnje v milijardah US$(b) |
masa tovora kg |
cena v NZO US$/kg(b) |
kapaciteta ton/leto |
stanje tehnologije |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
konvencionalna raketa[1] | 1903[2] | 700 – 130.000 | 4.000 – 20.000 | ≈ 200 | 9 | |
vesoljsko dvigalo | 1895[3] | 2 | ||||
nevrteči Skyhook | 1990 | < 1 | 2 | |||
hipersonični Skyhook[4] | 1993 | < 1(c) | 1.500(d) | 30(e) | 2 | |
rotovator[5] | 1977 | 2 | ||||
HASTOL[6][7] | 2000 | 15.000(f) | 2 | |||
orbitalni obroč[8] | 1980 | 15 | < 0.05 | 2 | ||
izstrelitvena zanka[9] (majhna) | 1985 | 10 | 5.000 | 300 | 40.000 | 2+ |
izstrelitvena zanka[9] (velika) | 1985 | 30 | 5.000 | 3 | 6.000.000 | 2+ |
KITE Launcher[10] | 2005 | 2 | ||||
StarTram[11] | 2001 | 20(g) | 35000 | 43 | 150.000 | 2 |
Ram pospeševalnik[navedi vir] | 2004 | < 500 | 6 | |||
vesoljski top[12] | 1865(h) | 0,5 | 450 | 500 | 6 | |
slingatron[13][14] | 100 | 2 to 4 | ||||
laserski pogon[15] | 2 | 100 | 550 | 3000 | Up to 4 | |
usmerjeni mikrovalovni pogon[16] | 1 | < 100 | 600 | |||
orbitalna zračna ladja |
Glej tudi
[uredi | uredi kodo]Sklici
[uredi | uredi kodo]- ↑ "SpaceCast 2020" Report to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, 22 Jun 94.
- ↑ Tsiolkovsky, Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами - The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices (Russian)
- ↑ Hirschfeld, Bob (31. januar 2002). »Space Elevator Gets Lift«. TechTV. G4 Media, Inc. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 8. junija 2005. Pridobljeno 13. septembra 2007.
The concept was first described in 1895 by Russian author K. E. Tsiolkovsky in his "Speculations about Earth and Sky and on Vesta."
Citation copied from Space elevator article. As of Oct 2012, the archived page was still good, but the original no longer functioned. - ↑ "The Hypersonic Skyhook", Analog Science Fiction / Science Fact, vol. 113, no. 11, September 1993, pp. 60-70.
- ↑ "A Non-Synchronous Orbital Skyhook", Hans P. Moravec, Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, vol. 25, Oct-Dec 1977
- ↑ Paper, AIAA 00-3615 "Design and Simulation of Tether Facilities for HASTOL Architecture", R. Hoyt, 17-19 Jul 2000.
- ↑ Paper, NIAC 3rd Ann. Mtg, NIAC subcontract no. 07600-040, “Hypersonic Airplane Space Tether Orbital Launch – HASTOL”, John E. Grant, 6 Jun 2001.
- ↑ "Orbital Ring Systems and Jacob's Ladders - I-III" Arhivirano 2001-02-28 na Wayback Machine.. Note: in 1980s money.
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 »Launch Loop slides for the ISDC2002 conference« (PDF). Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča (PDF) dne 29. maja 2008. Pridobljeno 30. julija 2014.
- ↑ Johansen, US patent #6913224, Method and system for accelerating an object, 5 Jul 2005
- ↑ "The Startram Project": Maglev Launch: Ultra Low Cost Ultra/High Volume Access to Space for Cargo and Humans by James Powell, George Maise and John Rather. Submitted for Presentation at SPESIF-2010 - Space, Propulsion, and Energy Sciences International Forum. February 23, 26, 2010
- ↑ »"Quicklaunch Inc."«. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 12. februarja 2010. Pridobljeno 30. julija 2014.
- ↑ "Slingatron, A Mechanical Hypervelocity Mass Accelerator"
- ↑ The Slingatron: Building a Railroad to Space
- ↑ Jordin Kare (2009). »HX Laser Launch« (PDF). Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča (PDF) dne 24. julija 2011. Pridobljeno 30. julija 2014.
- ↑ »NASA researcher Kevin Parkin discusses microwave space propulsion«. nextbigfuture.com. 15. februar 2011.
Zunanje povezave
[uredi | uredi kodo]- Canonical List of Space Transportation and Engineering Methods
- Earth-to-Orbit Transportation Bibliography, an extensive publication about novel methods of Earth-to-orbit transport
- Orbital Suborbital Program Space Vehicle document
- Google Lunar X PRIZE Arhivirano 2016-03-05 na Wayback Machine., some commercial initiatives