Lockheed A-12

A-12
Lockheed A-12
Vloga	Visokohitrostno izvidniško letalo
Proizvajalec/-ci	Lockheed Corporation
Krstni polet	26. april 1962
Predstavljen	1967
Upokojen	1968
Status	Retired
Glavni uporabnik	CIA
Število izdelanih	A-12: 13; M-21: 2
Različice	Lockheed YF-12
Izpeljanke	Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird

Lockheed A-12 je dvomotorno visokohitrostno (Mach 3+) izvidniško letalo, ki ga je razvil ameriški Lockheed za CIO. Pri načrtovanju so si pomagali z dizajni konstruktorja Clarenca »Kellyja« Johnsona. A-12 je bil podlaga za Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird, obe letali sta si po izgledu in sposobnostih skoraj identični. Črka A je okrajšava za kodno ime »Archangel«. Zgradili so tudi dvosedeženo verzijo Lockheed YF-12 in njegovo izpeljanko M-21, ki se je uporabljala za izstrelitev brezpilotnega D-21.

A-12 in SR-71 sta poganjala dva enogredna turboreaktivna motorja z dodatnim zgorevanjem Pratt & Whitney J58. Zaradi ekstremnih pogojev delovanja so morali razviti novo gorivo, imenovano JP-7.

A-12 je bil pionir na številnih področjih: bil je eno izmed prvih letal, ki so uporabljali titan v konstrukciji. A-12 je bil tudi deloma stealth letalo in edino letalo, ki je letelo kontinuirano pri hitrosti večji od Mach 3.

A-12 je zmagal na natečaju "Oxcart", njegov konkurent je bil malce manj sposobni Convair Kingfish, je pa imel slednji manjši radarski presek.

Specifications (A-12)

Podatki iz A-12 Utility Flight Manual, Pace

Splošne karakteristike

• Posadka: 1 (2 za šolsko različico)
• Dolžina: 101,6 ft (30,97 m)
• Razpon kril: 55,62 ft (16,95 m)
• Višina: 18,45 ft (5,62 m)
• Površina kril: 1795 ft² (170 m²)
• Teža praznega letala: 54600 lb (24800 kg)
• Naložena teža: 124600 lb (56500 kg)
• Pogon letala: 2 × Pratt & Whitney J58-1 turboreaktivni motor z dodatnim zgorevanjem, 32500 lbf (144 kN) vsak
• Tovor: do 1100 kg izvidniške opreme

Zmogljivost

• Maks. hitrost: Mach 3,35 (2210 mph, 3560 km/h) pri 75000 ft (23000 m)
• Doseg: 2200 nmi (2500 milj, 4000 km)
• Višina leta: 95000 ft (29000 m)
• Hitrost vzpenjanja: 11800 ft/min (60 m/s)
• Obremenitev kril: 65 lb/ft² (320 kg/m²)
• Razmerje potisk/teža: 0,56

Glej tudi

• Lockheed D-21
• Lockheed CL-400 Suntan

Sorodni zrakoplovi

• Lockheed YF-12
• Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird

Zrakoplovi s primerljivo vlogo in konfiguracijo tega obdobja

• Convair Kingfish

Bibliografija

• Donald, David, ed. "Lockheed's Blackbirds: A-12, YF-12 and SR-71". Black Jets. Norwalk, Connecticut: AIRtime, 2003. ISBN 1-880588-67-6.
• Jacobsen, Annie. Area 51. London: Orion Publishing, 2011. ISBN 978-1-4091-4113-6.
• Jenkins, Dennis R. Lockheed Secret Projects: Inside the Skunk Works. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company, 2001. ISBN 978-0-7603-0914-8.
• Landis, Tony R. and Dennis R. Jenkins. Lockheed Blackbirds. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Specialty Press, revised edition, 2005. ISBN 1-58007-086-8.
• McIninch, Thomas. "The Oxcart Story." Arhivirano 2013-10-04 na Wayback Machine. Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 2 July 1996. Retrieved: 10 April 2009.
• Pace, Steve. Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird. Swindon, UK: The Crowood Press, 2004. ISBN 1-86126-697-9.
• Robarge, David. Archangel: CIA's Supersonic A-12 Reconnaissance Aircraft. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 2008. ISBN 1-92966-716-7.
• Crickmore, Paul F. Lockheed SR-71 - The Secret Missions Exposed. Oxford, Englan: Osprey Publishing, 2000. ISBN 1 84176 098 6
• Graham, Richard H. SR-71 Revealed: The Inside Story. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company, 1996. ISBN 978-0-7603-0122-7.
• Johnson, C.L. Kelly: More Than My Share of it All. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 1985. ISBN 0-87474-491-1.
• Lovick, Edward, Jr. Radar Man: A Personal History of Stealth. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4502-4802-0.
• Merlin, Peter W. Design and Development of the Blackbird: Challenges and Lessons Learned., Orlando, Florida: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 2009. AIAA 2009-1522.
• Merlin, Peter W. From Archangel to Senior Crown: Design and Development of the Blackbird (Library of Flight Series). Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 2008. ISBN 978-1-56347-933-5.
• Pedlow, Gregory W. and Donald E. Welzenbach. The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance: The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954–1974. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 1992. ISBN 0-7881-8326-5.
• Rich, Ben R. and Leo Janos. Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir of My years at Lockheed. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1994. ISBN 0-316-7433.
• Shul, Brian and Sheila Kathleen O'Grady. Sled Driver: Flying the World's Fastest Jet. Marysville, California: Gallery One, 1994. ISBN 0-929823-08-7.
• Suhler, Paul A. From RAINBOW to GUSTO: Stealth and the Design of the Lockheed Blackbird (Library of Flight Series). Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 2009. ISBN 978-1-60086-712-5.

Zunanje povezave

• Archangel: CIA's Supersonic A-12 Reconnaissance Aircraft by David Robarge. (Cia.gov) Arhivirano 2013-02-20 na Wayback Machine.
• Project Oxcart: CIA Report Arhivirano 2013-10-04 na Wayback Machine.
• FOIA documents on OXCART (Declassified 21 January 2008) Arhivirano 2008-02-05 na Wayback Machine.
• Differences between the A-12 and SR-71
• Blackbird Spotting maps the location of every existing Blackbird, with aerial photos from Google Maps Arhivirano 2013-11-09 na Wayback Machine.
• Photographs and disposition of the "Habu" aircraft at habu.org
• The U-2's Intended Successor: Project Oxcart (Chapter 6 of "The CIA and Overhead Reconnaissance", by Pedlow & Welzenbach)
• USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers for 1960, including all A-12s, YF-12As and M-21s Arhivirano 2006-12-19 na Wayback Machine.
• "The Real X-Jet", Air & Space magazine, March 1999
• Secret A-12 Spy Plane Officially Unveiled at CIA's Headquarters