Ogled vira 9K330 Tor

{{Infobox Weapon
| name               = 9K330 ''Tor''
| image              = [[Slika:Tor-M1 SAM (2).jpg|300px]]
| image_size         = 
| alt                =
| caption            = Transporter raket 9K330 ''Tor'' z radarjem
| origin             = {{USSR}} <br> {{RUS}}
| type               = Sistem [[zračna obramba|zračne obrambe]] kratkega dosega
<!-- Type selection -->
| is_ranged          = 
| is_bladed          = 
| is_explosive       = 
| is_artillery       = 
| is_vehicle         = yes
| is_missile         = 
| is_UK              = yes
<!-- Service history -->
| service            = 1986–sedanjost
| used_by            = [[9K330 Tor#Uporabniki|uporabniki]]
| wars               = [[Rusko-gruzijska vojna]] <br>
[[Sirska državljanska vojna]] <br>
[[Druga karabaška vojna]] 
<!-- Production history -->
| designer           = [[Almaz-Antej]]
| design_date        = 1975
| manufacturer       = [[Iževska elektromehanična tovarna Kupol]]
| unit_cost          = 25 mio USD (2008)
| production_date    = 1983–
| number             = 
| variants           =
9K330 ''Tor'' <br>
9K331 ''Tor-M1''<br>
9K332 ''Tor-M2''<br>
3K95 ''Kinžal'' (vojna mornarica)
<!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label         = 
| weight             = 
| length             = 
| part_length        = 
| width              = 
| height             = 
| diameter           = 
| crew               = 
| passengers         =
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> 
| cartridge          = 
| cartridge_weight   = 
| caliber            = 
| barrels            = 
| action             = 
| rate               = 
| velocity           = 
| range              = 
| max_range          = 
| feed               = 
| sights             = 
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
| breech             = 
| recoil             = 
| carriage           = 
| elevation          = 
| traverse           = 
<!-- Bladed weapon specifications --> 
| blade_type         = 
| hilt_type          = 
| sheath_type        = 
| head_type          = 
| haft_type          = 
<!-- Explosive specifications --> 
| filling            = 
| filling_weight     = 
| detonation         = 
| yield              = 
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
| armour             = 
| primary_armament   = 
| secondary_armament = 
| engine             = 
| engine_power       = 
| pw_ratio           = 
| payload_capacity   = 
| transmission       = 
| suspension         = 
| clearance          = 
| fuel_capacity      = 
| vehicle_range      = 
| speed              = 
| guidance           = 
| steering           = 
<!-- Missiles only -->
| wingspan           = 
| propellant         = 
| ceiling            = 
| altitude           = 
| depth              = 
| boost              = 
| accuracy           = 
| launch_platform    =
| transport          =
}}

'''9K-330 ''Tor''''' ({{lang-ru|9К-330 Тор}} – [[torus]]) je sistem [[zračna obramba|zračne obrambe]] kratkega dosega, razvit za [[Sovjetske oborožene sile|Sovjetske]] in [[Oborožene sile Ruske federacije|Ruske oborožene sile]].

==Zgodovina==
Sistem 9K-330 ''Tor'' je bil razvit s ciljem zagotavljanja večjega dosega in daljšega sledenja hitrim tarčam z majhnim [[radarski presek|radarskim presekom]] in hitrim in učinkovitim spopadanjem z množičnimi zračnimi napadi zagotavljajoč visoko raven avtomatizacije in integracije z drugimi sistemi zračne obrambe.<ref name="VKO">{{navedi splet |url=http://www.vko.ru/DesktopModules/Articles/ArticlesView.aspx?tabID=320&ItemID=154&mid=2891&wversion=Staging |script-title=ru:Аналогов "Тору" не существует |language=ru |access-date=2008-08-09 |website=ВОЕННО-ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ КУРЬЕР |publisher=ВПК-Медиа |year=2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606051354/http://www.vko.ru/DesktopModules/Articles/ArticlesView.aspx?tabID=320&ItemID=154&mid=2891&wversion=Staging |archive-date=2008-06-06 }}</ref> V ta namen so oblikovalci uporabili več novih tehnologij, vključno z napredno pasivno radarsko napravo elektronsko skeniranega niza, okrepljeno digitalno procesiranje podatkov, navpično izstreljene rakete za izboljšanje reakcijskega časa in večje število raket pripravljenih na izstrelitev. Sistem je vstopil v uporabo leta 1986.<ref>{{navedi splet|url=http://www.oruzie.su/raketnye-sistemy/1926-tor|title=Зенитный ракетный комплекс "Top"|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106192118/http://www.oruzie.su/raketnye-sistemy/1926-tor|archive-date=6 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> 

Izboljšana različica 9K331 ''Tor-M1'' z bistveno izboljšano natančnostjo raket in zmožnostjo napadanja dveh tarč hkrati (z uvedbo drugega kanala za nadzor ognja)<ref>http://www.almaz-antey.ru/en/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> je vstopila v uporabo leta 1991.<ref name="aftershock.su">{{navedi splet|url=http://aftershock.su/?q=node/19188|title=На вооружение войск ЮВО поступили новые ЗРС "Тор-М1-2У"|website=aftershock.su|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106155611/http://aftershock.su/?q=node%2F19188|archive-date=6 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Po izkušnjah pri NATO bombardiranju Bosne in Hercegovine leta 1995 je bil sistem dodatno izboljšan in leta 2007 je bil na letalski razstavi [[MAKS]] predstavljen ''Tor-M2''.<ref name="Kupol">{{navedi splet |url=http://www.kupol.ru/ru/news/212 |script-title=ru:ИЭМЗ "Купол" представит на "МАКС-2007" новую БМ ЗРС "ТОР-М2Э" |language=ru |access-date=2008-08-09 |website=ОАО "ИЭМЗ "Купол" |date=2007-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305033559/http://www.kupol.ru/ru/news/212 |archive-date=2009-03-05 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sistem proizvaja [[Iževska elektromehanična tovarna Kupol]].

Mornariško različico 3K95 ''Kinžal'' ({{lang-rus|Кинжал}} – [[bodalo]]) je razvil [[Morski znanstvenoraziskovalni institut elektrotehnike Altair]] iz [[Moskva|Moskve]] in je nameščena na [[letalonosilka|letalonosilki]] {{ladja|Ruska letalonosilka|Admiral Kuznjecov||2}} razreda [[Letalonosilka razreda Admiral Kuznjecov|''Admiral Kuznjecov'']], [[raketna križarka|raketni križarki]] {{ladja|Ruska križarka|Pjotr Veliki||2}} razreda [[Križarka razreda Kirov|''Orlan'']], [[rušilec|rušilcih]] razreda [[Razred Fregat|''Fregat'']] in [[fregata]]h razreda [[Razred Jastreb|''Jastreb'']] [[Ruska vojna mornarica|Ruske vojne mornarice]].

==Uporabniki==

Sistem 9K-330 ''Tor'' uporabljajo:
*{{ALG}}<ref>{{navedi splet|url=http://dfnc.ru/vtc/alzhir-kak-eksportnaya-vitrina-dlya-rossijskih-sistem-pvo/|title=Алжир как экспортная витрина для российских систем ПВО|website=dfnc.ru|language=ru-RU|access-date=2018-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122051708/http://dfnc.ru/vtc/alzhir-kak-eksportnaya-vitrina-dlya-rossijskih-sistem-pvo/|archive-date=2018-11-22|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{AZE}}<ref>{{navedi splet|url=http://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/news/13199631/v_baku_idet_smerch|title=Россия вооружает Азербайджан |website=Vedomosti.ru|access-date=14 November 2014 |language=ru |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HSy0fdHx?url=http://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/news/13199631/v_baku_idet_smerch|archive-date=18 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{ARM}}<ref>{{navedi splet|url=https://www.janes.com/article/93378/armenia-receives-tor-m2km-sam-systems|title=Armenia receives Tor-M2KM SAM systems |website=www.janes.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408015901/https://www.janes.com/article/93378/armenia-receives-tor-m2km-sam-systems |archive-date=2020-04-08}}</ref>
*{{BLR}}<ref>{{navedi splet |url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2014_global_defense_security_news_industry/third_battery_of_tor-m2_air_defense_missile_system_enters_in_service_with_the_belarus_army_0401143.html |title=Third battery of Tor-M2 air defense missile system enters in service with the Belarus army |date=January 4, 2014 |access-date=January 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110211646/http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2014_global_defense_security_news_industry/third_battery_of_tor-m2_air_defense_missile_system_enters_in_service_with_the_belarus_army_0401143.html |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet|url=http://www.vpk-news.ru/news/21012|title=Россия поставила Белоруссии четыре Як-130 и дивизион "Тор-М2" – Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер"|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107152724/http://www.vpk-news.ru/news/21012|archive-date=7 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet |url=http://www.mil.by/print.php?ELEMENT_ID=24226&clear_cache=Y |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926030624/http://www.mil.by/print.php?ELEMENT_ID=24226&clear_cache=Y |archive-date=2015-09-26 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet|url=http://ria.ru/maks/20150825/1206500139.html|title=Рособоронэкспорт поставит Белоруссии 5 машин из состава ЗРК "Тор-М2К"|date=25 August 2015|website=ria.ru|access-date=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013029/https://ria.ru/maks/20150825/1206500139.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1128/122049840/detail.shtml |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129012748/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1128/122049840/detail.shtml |archive-date=2018-11-29 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet|url=http://tass.com/defense/972553|title=Belarus and Russia sign contract on battery of Tor-M2 air defense missile systems|website=tass.com|access-date=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129012759/http://tass.com/defense/972553|archive-date=29 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/armies_in_the_world_analysis_focus/belarus_now_operates_five_tor-m2_air_defense_missile_batteries.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103164356/https://www.armyrecognition.com/armies_in_the_world_analysis_focus/belarus_now_operates_five_tor-m2_air_defense_missile_batteries.html |archive-date=2019-01-03 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{CHN}}<ref name="Janes">{{navedi splet |url=http://www8.janes.com/Search/documentView.do?docId=/content1/janesdata/yb/jlad/jlad0112.htm |title=Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence Tor (NATO SA-15 'Gauntlet') low to medium-altitude self-propelled surface-to-air missile system |access-date=2008-08-10 |date=2008-05-20 |publisher=Jane's Information Group }}{{Slepa povezava|date=maj 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>The Military Balance 2013. — P. 288.</ref>
* {{CYP}}<ref name="Janes" />
* {{EGY}}<ref>{{navedi splet|url=http://www.deagel.com/Air-Defense-Systems/Tor-M1_a000375001.aspx|title=Tor-M1|website=www.deagel.com|access-date=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228094529/http://www.deagel.com/Air-Defense-Systems/Tor-M1_a000375001.aspx|archive-date=28 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet |url=http://en.fondsk.ru/article.php?id=2266 |title=arhivska kopija |accessdate=2021-05-27 |archive-date=2012-07-11 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711123825/http://en.fondsk.ru/article.php?id=2266 |url-status=dead }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet|url=http://vpk.name/news/121328_minoboronyi_egipta_na_ucheniyah_prodemonstrirovalo_zrk_bukm2_utverzhdaet_dzheins.html|title=Минобороны Египта на учениях продемонстрировало ЗРК "Бук-М2", утверждает "Джейнс"|website=vpk.name|access-date=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927125144/https://vpk.name/news/121328_minoboronyi_egipta_na_ucheniyah_prodemonstrirovalo_zrk_bukm2_utverzhdaet_dzheins.html|archive-date=27 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{GRC}}<ref name="RIAN1">{{navedi splet |url=http://en.rian.ru/russia/20071227/94327525.html |title=Russia trains Greek Tor-M1 crews |access-date=2008-09-04 |date=2007-12-27 |publisher=RIA Novosti |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927012958/http://en.rian.ru/russia/20071227/94327525.html |archive-date=2008-09-27 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Janes"/>
* {{IRN}}<ref>{{navedi splet |url=http://en.rian.ru/russia/20070207/60358702.html |title=Russia Iran successfully tests Russian TOR-M1 missiles |access-date=2009-01-15 |date=2007-02-07 |publisher=RIA Novosti |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202140633/http://en.rian.ru/russia/20070207/60358702.html |archive-date=2009-02-02 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{MYA}}<ref>{{navedi splet|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/russia_russian_missile_system_vehicle_uk/tor-m1_9a331_sa-15_gauntlet_technical_data_sheet_specifications_information_description_pictures_uk.amp.html|title=TOR-M1 9A331 SA-15 Gauntlet Ground-to-air missile on armored vehicle|author=Army Recognitions|access-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129045204/https://www.armyrecognition.com/russia_russian_missile_system_vehicle_uk/tor-m1_9a331_sa-15_gauntlet_technical_data_sheet_specifications_information_description_pictures_uk.amp.html|archive-date=29 January 2021|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|date=29 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet|url=https://www.indrastra.com/2015/12/ANALYSIS-Myanmar-Integrated-Air-Defense-System-0516.html?m=1|title=Myanmar Integrated Air Defense System|author=IndraStra Global Editorial Team|access-date=7 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031065753/https://www.indrastra.com/2015/12/ANALYSIS-Myanmar-Integrated-Air-Defense-System-0516.html?m=1|archive-date=30 October 2020|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|date=2020-10-30}}</ref>
* {{PRK}}
* {{PER}}<ref>[http://www.dtig.org/docs/sa-15.pdf Bericht auf ''dtig.org'' (S. 10)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923220807/http://www.dtig.org/docs/sa-15.pdf |date=2015-09-23 }} (PDF; 156&nbsp;kB)</ref><ref>{{navedi splet|url=http://armyreco.ifrance.com/amerique_du_sud/perou/perou_index_materiel.htm |title=Auf der Militärinfoseite''Army Recognition'' unter ''Vehicles with missiles'' |access-date=2015-04-29 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615010344/http://armyreco.ifrance.com/amerique_du_sud/perou/perou_index_materiel.htm |archive-date=June 15, 2007 }} (englisch)</ref>
* {{RUS}}
* {{UKR}}<ref>{{navedi splet |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PxEWB6W8ig |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511122244/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PxEWB6W8ig&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=2019-05-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> 
* {{VEN}}<ref>{{navedi splet |url=http://sp.rian.ru/bilaterial_relations/20110818/150155333.html |title=Hugo Chávez agradece a Rusia por suministrar a Venezuela "el armamento más moderno del mundo" |access-date=2011-08-18 |date=2011-08-18 |publisher=RIA Novosti |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005020517/http://sp.rian.ru/bilaterial_relations/20110818/150155333.html |archive-date=2011-10-05 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>The Military Balance 2012. — P. 405.</ref><ref>The Military Balance 2012. — P. 406.</ref>
* {{YEM}}<ref>[[:es:Tor-M1]]</ref><ref>[[Yemeni Air Force]]</ref><ref>{{navedi splet|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/yemen/airforce.htm|title=Yemen Air Force|author=John Pike|access-date=24 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112182959/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/yemen/airforce.htm|archive-date=12 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{MAR}}<ref>{{navedi splet|url=http://www.lopinion.ma/def.asp?codelangue=23&id_info=23465|title=.:( Les grands bouleversements gopolitiques imposent une nouvelle vision du monde )|author=widesoft systems|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129013628/http://www.lopinion.ma/def.asp?codelangue=23&id_info=23465|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{SYR}}<ref>[https://inserbia.info/today/2013/08/russia-fulfilling-contracts-with-syria-for-tor-buk-and-bastion-systems/ inserbia.info: Russia fulfilling contracts with Syria for Tor, Buk and Bastion systems] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021200104/https://inserbia.info/today/2013/08/russia-fulfilling-contracts-with-syria-for-tor-buk-and-bastion-systems/ |date=2016-10-21 }}, accessed October 21, 2016</ref>
==Glej tudi==
*[[9K37 Buk|9K37 ''Buk'']]
*[[S-300|S-300 ''Favorit'']]
*[[S-400|S-400 ''Triumf'']]

== Sklici ==
{{sklici|2}}

{{Kategorija v Zbirki|9K330 Tor}}
{{portal|Vojaštvo}}
{{Rakete Sovjetskih in Ruskih oboroženih sil}}
{{normativna kontrola}}

[[Kategorija:Zračna obramba]]
[[Kategorija:Ruska vojna mornarica]]
[[Kategorija:Rakete zemlja-zrak Rusije]]