Ogled vira Različice SARS-CoV-2

[[File:Biology of SARS-CoV-2 – Evolution and Mutations.webm|sličica|Pozitivne, negativne in nevtralne mutacije v razvoju SARS-CoV-2]]
'''Različice''' ali '''variante SARS-CoV-2''' so [[Virus|virusni]] [[Izolat|izolati]] z drugačnim [[Genom|genomskim]] zaporedjem v primerjavi z divjim virusom [[SARS-CoV-2]], kot je bil izoliran prvotno. Različice virusa so posledica [[Mutacija|mutacij]] v njegovi dednini.<ref>{{Navedi splet|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/scientific-brief-emerging-variants.html|title=Science Brief: Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants|date=28. 1. 2021|accessdate=8. 7. 2021|publisher=CDC}}</ref> Po svetu so tekom pandemije krožile različne različice virusa SARS-CoV-2 in določene med njimi so bile skrb vzbujajoče in so zahtevale  takojšen odziv ter ustrezno ukrepanje.<ref>{{Navedi splet|url=https://www.nijz.si/sl/delta-bolj-nalezljiva-od-drugih-razlicic-virusa-sars-cov-2|title=Delta bolj nalezljiva od drugih različic virusa SARS-CoV-2|date=1. 7. 2021|accessdate=8. 7. 2021|publisher=NIJZ|archive-date=2021-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707090937/https://www.nijz.si/sl/delta-bolj-nalezljiva-od-drugih-razlicic-virusa-sars-cov-2|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pri nekaterih različicah namreč obstaja sum ali pa je dokazano, da so bolj nalezljive,<ref name="SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern">{{cite journal |last1=Shahhosseini |first1=Nariman |last2=Babuadze |first2=George |last3=Wong |first3=Gary |last4=Kobinger |first4=Gary |title=Mutation Signatures and In Silico Docking of Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern |journal=Microorganisms |date=2021 |volume=9 |issue=5 |page=926 |doi=10.3390/microorganisms9050926 |pmid=33925854 |pmc=8146828 |s2cid=233460887 |doi-access=free }}</ref> bolj [[virulenca|virulentne]] ali pa so proti njim cepiva manj učinkovita.<ref>{{navedi novice|date=6. 1. 2021|title=Coronavirus variants and mutations: The science explained|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-55404988|access-date=2. 2. 2021}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal| vauthors = Kupferschmidt K |date=15 January 2021|title=New coronavirus variants could cause more reinfections, require updated vaccines|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/01/new-coronavirus-variants-could-cause-more-reinfections-require-updated-vaccines|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.abg6028|access-date=2. 2. 2021}}</ref>

Trenutno (podatek za september 2024) sta po merilih Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije aktualni zaskrbljujoči različici SARS-CoV-2   BA.2.86 in JN.1, različice pod spremljanjem pa JN.1.7, KP.2, KP.3, KP.3.1.1, JN.1.18, LB.1 in XEC.<ref name="current_variants">{{cite web|url=https://data.who.int/dashboards/covid19/variants|title=WHO Coronavirus Network (CoViNet)|access-date=1. 9. 2024}}</ref>

== Poimenovanje različic ==
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible floatright" style="font-size:88%;width:450px;"
|+ SARS-CoV-2 corresponding nomenclatures<ref>This table is an adaptation and expansion of {{harvp|Alm et al.|loc=figure 1}}.</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | Linije po PANGO<ref name="RambautETAL."/>
! scope="col" | Komentar k linijam po PANGO<ref name="AlmETAL.">{{cite journal | vauthors = Alm E, Broberg EK, Connor T, Hodcroft EB, Komissarov AB, Maurer-Stroh S, Melidou A, Neher RA, O'Toole Á, Pereyaslov D | display-authors = 6 | title = Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020 | journal = Euro Surveillance | volume = 25 | issue = 32 | date = avgust 2020 | pmid = 32794443 | pmc = 7427299 | doi = 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.32.2001410 | ref = {{sfnref|Alm et al.}} | collaboration = The WHO European Region sequencing laboratories and GISAID EpiCoV group }}</ref>
! scope="col" | Nextstrainovi kladi,<ref name="nextstrain-clades">{{navedi splet|title=Nextclade|url=https://clades.nextstrain.org/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119134022/https://clades.nextstrain.org/|archive-date=19. 1. 2021|access-date=19. 1. 2021|website=nextstrain.org|format=What are the clades?}}</ref> 2021<ref name="nextstrain-amendation"/>
! scope="col" | Kladi po [[GISAID]]-u
! scope="col" | Pomembne različice
|-ations
| {{nobr|A.1–A.6}}
|
| 19B
| S
| vsebuje »referenčno zaporedje« WIV04/2019<ref name=Zhukova>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhukova A, Blassel L, Lemoine F, Morel M, Voznica J, Gascuel O | title = Origin, evolution and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 | journal = Comptes Rendus Biologies | volume = 344 | pages = 57–75 | date = november 2020 | pmid = 33274614 | doi = 10.5802/crbiol.29 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" | {{nobr|B.3–B.7}}, {{nobr|B.9}}, {{nobr|B.10}}, {{nobr|B.13–B.16}}
|rowspan="2" |
|rowspan="3" | {{nobr|19A}}
| L
|
|-
| {{nobr|O{{efn|name="O/GV"}}}}
|
|-
| {{nobr|B.2}}
|
| V
|
|-
|rowspan="11" | {{nobr|B.1}}
| {{nobr|B.1.5–B.1.72}}
|rowspan="2" | 20A
| G
| vključuje različico delta<wbr/>(B.1.617)<ref name="20A_617">{{navedi splet|title=SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/variant-surveillance/variant-info.html|website=CDC.gov|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=29. 6. 2021}} Redno se posodablja.</ref><ref name=20A_617_original>{{navedi splet
 |title=Genomic epidemiology of novel coronavirus – Global subsampling (Filtered to B.1.617)
 |url=https://nextstrain.org/ncov/global?f_emerging_lineage=B.1.617
 |url-status=live
 |access-date=5. 5. 2021
 |website=nextstrain.org}}</ref>
|-
| {{nobr|B.1.9}}, {{nobr|B.1.13}}, {{nobr|B.1.22}}, {{nobr|B.1.26}}, {{nobr|B.1.37}}
|rowspan="4" | GH
|
|-
|rowspan="3" | {{nobr|B.1.3–B.1.66}}
| 20C
| vključuje različici epsilon <wbr/>(B.1.427/<wbr/>B.1.429/<wbr/>CAL.20C)<ref name="SoCalPreprint">{{Cite document|url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.18.21249786v1|doi=10.1101/2021.01.18.21249786|title=Emergence of a novel SARS-CoV-2 strain in Southern California, USA |work=medRxiv|year=2021| vauthors = Zhang W, Davis B, Chen SS, Martinez JS, Plummer JT, Vail E|s2cid=231646931}}</ref> in eta <wbr/>(B.1.525)<ref name="cdc-variants">{{navedi splet |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/variant-info.html |title=SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions |website=CDC.gov |date=11. 2. 2020 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=18. 6. 2021 |archive-date=29. 6. 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629194456/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/variant-info.html |url-status=live }} Se redno posodablja.</ref>
|-
| 20G
| prevladujoča različica v ZDA (januar 2021)<ref name=SoCalPreprint/>
|-
| 20H
| vključuje različico beta<wbr/>(B.1.351<small> aka linija 20H/501Y.V2 ali 501.V2</small>)
|-
|-
|rowspan="5" | {{nobr|B.1.1}}
| 20B
|rowspan="5" | GR
| vključuje linijo B.1.1.207 {{citation needed|date=april 2021}}
|-
| 20D
|
|-
| 20J
| vključuje različici gama<wbr/>(P.1) in zeta <wbr/>(P.2)<ref>{{navedi splet |url=https://cov-lineages.org/lineages/lineage_B.1.1.28.html |title=PANGO lineages-Lineage B.1.1.28 |website=cov-lineages.org |access-date=4. 2. 2021}}{{failed verification|date=april 2021}}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet |url=https://covariants.org/variants/S.501Y.V3 |title=Variant: 20J/501Y.V3 |date=1. 4. 2021 |access-date=6. 4. 2021 |website=covariants.org}}</ref>
|-
| 20F
|
|-
| 20I
| vključuje različico alfa<wbr/>(B.1.1.7<small> aka VOC-202012/01, VOC-20DEC-01 ali 20I/501Y.V1</small>)
|-
| B.1.177
| 20E (EU1)<ref name="nextstrain-amendation">{{navedi splet| vauthors = Bedford T, Hodcroft B, Neher RA |url=https://nextstrain.org/blog/2021-01-06-updated-SARS-CoV-2-clade-naming |title=Updated Nextstrain SARS-CoV-2 clade naming strategy |date=6 January 2021 |website=nextstrain.org |access-date= 19 January 2021}}</ref>
| GV{{efn|name="O/GV"|In another source, GISAID name a set of 7 clades without the O&nbsp;clade but including a GV&nbsp;clade.<ref name=GCTree>{{navedi splet |url=https://www.gisaid.org/fileadmin/gisaid/files/images/clade_tree.jpg |title=clade tree (from 'Clade and lineage nomenclature') |date=4. 7. 2020 |website=GISAID |access-date=7. 1. 2021}}</ref>}}
| izvira iz 20A<ref name="nextstrain-amendation"/>
|-
|}
[[File:Tree diagram of Pango lineages of SARS-CoV-2.svg|thumb|upright=2|Drevesni diagram linij SARS-CoV-2 po sistemu poimenovanja Pango.]]

Doslej še niso sprejeli enotnih pravil glede poimenovanja različic SARS-CoV-2.<ref name="3.6">{{navedi knjigo |chapter=3.6 Considerations for virus naming and nomenclature |page=6 |title=SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing for public health goals: Interim guidance, 8 January 2021 | publisher=World Health Organization | date=8. 1. 2021 | url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-genomic_sequencing-2021.1 |author=WHO Headquarters | access-date=2. 2. 2021}}</ref> Številne organizacije, ustanove in tudi vlade so začele različice poimenovati po državah, v katerih so bile odkrite.<ref>{{navedi splet|date=9. 2. 2021|title=Don't call it the 'British variant.' Use the correct name: B.1.1.7|url=https://www.statnews.com/2021/02/09/not-british-variant-call-it-b117/|access-date=12. 2. 2021|website=STAT|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet| vauthors = Flanagan R |date=2. 2. 2021|title=Why the WHO won't call it the 'U.K. variant', and you shouldn't either|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/why-the-who-won-t-call-it-the-u-k-variant-and-you-shouldn-t-either-1.5292441?cache=yes%3FclipId%3D1723871|access-date=12 February 2021|website=CTV News|language=en}}</ref> 31. maja 2021 je [[Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija]] predlagala uporabo [[grška črka|grških črk]] za pomembne virusne različice,<ref>{{navedi splet|url=https://twitter.com/mvankerkhove/status/1399388129300205569|title=Today, @WHO announces new, easy-to-say labels for #SARSCoV2 Variants of Concern (VOCs) & Interest (VOIs)|language=en|access-date=July 7, 2021}}</ref> kar omogoča enostavno, lahko izgovorljivo in nestigmatizirajoče poimenovanje.<ref>Helen Branswell [https://www.statnews.com/2021/05/31/the-name-game-for-coronavirus-variants-just-got-a-little-easier/ The name game for coronavirus variants just got a little easier] 31 May 2021 ''www.statnews.com'', dostop: 28. 6. 2021</ref><ref>{{navedi splet |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/15-01-2021-statement-on-the-sixth-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-pandemic |title=Statement on the sixth meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic |date=15. 1. 2021 |author=World Health Organization |access-date=18. 1. 2021}}</ref> Odločitev je bila deloma posledica pritožb nekaterih držav, da je lahko poimenovanje z zemljepisnimi oznakami diskriminatorno do tamkajšnjih prebivalcev.<ref>{{navedi splet|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-57308592|title=Covid: WHO renames UK and other variants with Greek letters|language=en|access-date=7. 7. 2021}}</ref> Različice so poimenovali zaporedoma s črkami od alfa do mi, nato pa preskočili ni in ksi ter naslednjo različico poimenovali s črko omikron. S tem so se pojavile špekulacije, da so črko ksi preskočili zaradi podobnosti z imenom kitajskega predsednika [[Ši Džinping|Šija Džinpinga]]<ref name=Skipped /> (v pinjinu se njegovo ime prečrkuje kot Xi). Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija je pojasnila, da se bi lahko poimenovanje »ni« zlahka narobe razumelo kot »new« (angleškim izrazom za 'nov'), Xi pa je pogost priimek.<ref name=Skipped>{{cite web|url= https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-207834730667|title= WHO skipped two Greek alphabet letters in naming coronavirus variant|date=27. 11. 2021|work= The Associated Press}}</ref> Če bodo porabljene vse črke, se SZO nagiba k uporabi poimenovanj ozvezdij.<ref>{{cite news|date=8. 8. 2021|title=New COVID variants could be named after constellations once Greek alphabet is used up|agency=Sky News|url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/lifestyle/coronavirus/new-covid-variants-could-be-named-after-constellations-once-greek-alphabet-is-used-up/ar-AAN4jcT|accessdate=30. 11. 2021}}</ref>
[[Slika:SARS-CoV-2 variants spike protein.jpg|thumb|Različice SARS-CoV-2, o katerih so poročale organizacije, kot je CDC, in sicer na osnovi mutacij na mestih L452R in E484K]]
Obstaja več tisoč različic virusa SARS-CoV-2,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Koyama T, Platt D, Parida L | title = Variant analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes | journal = Bulletin of the World Health Organization | volume = 98 | issue = 7 | pages = 495–504 | date = julij 2020 | pmid = 32742035 | pmc = 7375210 | doi = 10.2471/BLT.20.253591 | quote = We detected in total 65776 variants with 5775 distinct variants. | doi-access = free }}</ref> lahko pa jih razvrstimo v več podskupin, kot so linije in kladi.{{efn|According to the WHO, "Lineages or clades can be defined based on viruses that share a phylogenetically determined common ancestor".<ref name="3.6" />}} Najbolj razširjene so naslednje tri predlagane nomenklature<ref name="3.6" />
* znotraj znanstvene iniciative [[GISAID]] so do januarja 2021 v svetu prepoznali 8 poglavitnih kladov, poimenovanih S, O, L, V, G, GH, GR in GV,<ref>{{navedi splet |url=https://www.gisaid.org/phylodynamics/global/nextstrain/ |title=Global phylogeny, updated by Nextstrain |publisher=GISAID |access-date=19. 1. 2021 |date=18. 1. 2021}}</ref>
* znotraj svetovne podatkovne baze [[Nextstrain]] so do junija 2021 prepoznali  13 poglavitnih kladov {{efn|name="Nextstrain criteria"|{{as of|2021|01}}: Po sistemu Nextstrain je za proglasitev klada potrebno vsaj en od spodnjih meril (citirano iz vira):<ref name="nextstrain-amendation"/>
{{quote|
# A clade reaches > 20 % global frequency for 2 or more months
# A clade reaches > 30 % regional frequency for 2 or more months
# A VOC ('variant of concern') is recognized (applies currently [6 January 2021] to 501Y.V1 and 501Y.V2)}} }} (19A–B, 20A–20J in 21A),<ref>{{navedi splet|title=Nextstrain COVID-19|url=https://nextstrain.org/ncov/global|url-status=live|access-date=1. 1. 2021|website=[[Nextstrain]]}}</ref>
* v letu 2020 je Rambaut s sodelavci ustanovil ''[[Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages]]'' (PANGOLIN), program za razvrščanje in poimenovanje virusnih linij SARS-CoV-2;<ref>{{navedi splet | url =https://github.com/cov-lineages/pangolin | title = cov-lineages/pangolin: Software package for assigning SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences to global lineages | publisher = Github | access-date =2 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="RambautETAL.">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rambaut A, Holmes EC, O'Toole Á, Hill V, McCrone JT, Ruis C, du Plessis L, Pybus OG | display-authors = 6 | title = A dynamic nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 lineages to assist genomic epidemiology | journal = Nature Microbiology | volume = 5 | issue = 11 | pages = 1403–1407 | date = november 2020 | pmid = 32669681 | pmc = 7610519 | doi = 10.1038/s41564-020-0770-5 | s2cid = 220544096 | doi-access = free }} Cited in {{harvp|Alm et al.}}</ref> do februarja 2021 so prepoznali 6 poglavitnih virusnih (A, B, B.1, B.1.1, B.1.177, B.1.1.7).<ref name="pango-lineages">{{navedi splet |url=https://cov-lineages.org/lineages.html |title=Lineage descriptions |website=cov-lineages.org |publisher=[[Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages|Pango]] team}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rambaut A, Holmes EC, O'Toole Á, Hill V, McCrone JT, Ruis C, du Plessis L, Pybus OG | display-authors = 6 | title = Addendum: A dynamic nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 lineages to assist genomic epidemiology | journal = Nature Microbiology | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 415 | date = March 2021 | pmid = 33514928 | pmc = 7845574 | doi = 10.1038/s41564-021-00872-5 }}</ref>

== Zaskrbljujoče različice ==
Zaskrbljujoče različice (angl. ''Variants of concern'') so različice virusa SARS-CoV-2 z mutacijami v domeni za receptorsko vezavo (RBD, angl. ''Receptor Binding Domain''), ki občutno povečajo vezavno afiniteto virusa na receptorje ter posledično povečajo prenašanje virusa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shahhosseini|first1=Nariman|last2=Babuadze|first2=George (Giorgi)|last3=Wong|first3=Gary|last4=Kobinger|first4=Gary P.|date=May 2021|title=Mutation Signatures and In Silico Docking of Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern|journal=Microorganisms|language=en|volume=9|issue=5|pages=926|doi=10.3390/microorganisms9050926|pmid=33925854|pmc=8146828|doi-access=free}}</ref> Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija je tekom pandemije opredelila kot zaskrbljujoče različice naslednje različice virusa SARS-CoV-2:<ref name="who-variants">{{navedi splet |title=Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants |url=https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/ |website=who.int |language=en |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=22. 6. 2021 |archive-date=18. 6. 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618122320/https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/ |url-status=live }} Se redno posodablja.</ref>
* [[različica SARS-CoV-2 alfa|različica alfa]] – poimenovana tudi linija B.1.1.7
** B.1.1.7 z E484K
* [[različica SARS-CoV-2 beta|različica beta]] – poimenovana tudi linija B.1.351
* [[različica SARS-CoV-2 gama|različica gama]] – poimenovana tudi linija P.1
* [[različica SARS-CoV-2 delta|različica delta]] – poimenovana tudi linija B.1.617.2
* [[različica SARS-CoV-2 omikron|različica omikron]] – poimenovana tudi linija 	B.1.1.529
Trenutno (podatek za september 2024) je po merilih Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije aktualna zaskrbljujoča različica omikron, in sicer podrazličici BA.2.86 in JN.1.<ref name="current_variants" />

== Pozornost vzbujajoče različice ==
Pozornost vzbujajoče različice (angl. ''Variants of Interest'') so virusne različice z genetskimi spremembami, pri katerih je znano ali pa se predvideva, da vplivajo na pomembne virusne značilnosti, kot so prenašanje, hudost bolezni, izmikanje [[Imunski sistem|imunskemu sistemu]] oziroma težavnejše diagnosticiranje ali zdravljenje, ter izkazujejo tudi epidemiološko grožnjo (seznam je iz julija 2021):<ref>{{Navedi splet|url=https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/|title=Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants|accessdate=8. 7. 2021|publisher=SZO}}</ref>
* različica lambda – poimenovana tudi linija C.37, prvič prepoznana avgusta 2020 v [[Peru]]ju, 14. junija 2021 pa jo je SZO uvrstil med pozornost vzbujajoče različice.<ref name="who-variants"/> Razširila se je v vsaj 30 držav<ref name="ultralambdaaustralia">{{navedi novice|title=Covid 19 coronavirus: Ultra-contagious Lambda variant detected in Australia|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/covid-19-coronavirus-ultra-contagious-lambda-variant-detected-in-australia/LAUYIDU2L7SSWMX6IQDTOYCX6A/}}</ref> po svetu in zaenkrat (do julija 2021) ni znano, ali je bolj kužna in manj občutljiva na cepiva kot drugi sevi;<ref name="lambdawionews">{{navedi novice|url=https://www.wionews.com/world/covid-19-lambda-variant-may-be-more-resistant-to-vaccines-than-other-strains-396116|title=COVID-19: Lambda variant may be more resistant to vaccines than other strains}}</ref><ref name="lambdaindependentUK">{{navedi novice|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/covid-uk-lambda-variant-peru-b1878416.html|title=Lambda variant: What is the new strain of Covid detected in the UK?}}</ref>
* različica mi – poimenovana tudi linija B.1.621, prvič so jo zaznali v Kolumbiji januarja 2021, SZO pa jo je opredelil kot pozornost vzbujajočo različico 30. avgusta 2021.<ref name="who-variants"/> Do izbruhov je prišlo tudi drugod v Južni Ameriki pa tudi v Evropi.<ref>{{navedi novice |title=What is the Mu variant of COVID-19? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-01/what-is-the-mu-variant-covid-delta-who/100424026 |access-date=1. 9. 2021 |work=www.abc.net.au |date=1. 9. 2021 |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet|last=O'Neill|first=Luke|title=Mu: everything you need to know about the new coronavirus variant of interest|url=http://theconversation.com/mu-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-coronavirus-variant-of-interest-167154|access-date=3. 9. 2021|website=The Conversation|language=en}}</ref>

====Različice, ki so jih v preteklosti uvrščali med pozornost vzbujajoče različice:====
* različica eta – poimenovana tudi linija B.1.525,<ref name="phe-voc"/> 21D<ref name="who-update-latest-impacts">{{cite techreport |type=Situation report |title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 20 July 2021 |institution=World Health Organization |date=20 July 2021 |url=https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---20-july-2021 |access-date=24. 7. 2021 |archive-date=23. 7. 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723212538/https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---20-july-2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> ali 20A/S:484K,<ref name="who-update-8june">{{cite techreport |type=Situation report |title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 for 8 June 2021 |institution=World Health Organization |date=8 June 2021 |url=https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---8-june-2021 |access-date=14. 6. 2021 |archive-date=15. 6. 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615112029/https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---8-june-2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> ne vsebuje mutacije N501Y kot različice alfa, beta in gama, nosi pa enako mutacijo E484K kot različice gama, zeta in beta. Nosi tudi delecijo ΔH69/ΔV70 kot različica alfa.<ref name="DeltaPCR">{{navedi splet|date=25. 2. 2021|title=Delta-PCR-testen|trans-title=The Delta PCR Test|url=https://covid19.ssi.dk/diagnostik/delta-pcr-testen|access-date=27. 2. 2021|publisher=Statens Serum Institut|language=da}}</ref> Do 5. marca 2021 so jo zaznali v 23 državah.<ref name="GISAID">{{navedi splet|title=GISAID hCOV19 Variants (see menu option 'G/484K.V3 (B.1.525)')|url=https://www.gisaid.org/hcov19-variants/ |website=GISAID|access-date=4. 3. 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DEN">{{navedi splet|date=27. 2. 2021|title=Status for udvikling af SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOC) i Danmark|trans-title=Status of development of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOC) in Denmark|url=https://files.ssi.dk/covid19/virusvarianter/status/status-virusvarianter-27022021-l9k7|access-date=27. 2. 2021|publisher=Statens Serum Institut|language=da}}</ref><ref name="Pango B.1.525"/> O prvih primerih so poročali decembra 2020 v Nigeriji in Veliki Britaniji, v začetku leta 2021 pa se je v Nigeriji zelo razširila;<ref name="Pango B.1.525">{{navedi splet |url=https://cov-lineages.org/global_report_B.1.525.html |title=B.1.525 international lineage report |website=cov-lineages.org |publisher=[[Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages|Pango]] team |date=19. 5. 2021 |access-date=16. 2. 2021 |archive-date=9. 6. 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609174829/https://cov-lineages.org/global_report_B.1.525.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* različica jota – odkrili so jo v New Yorku novembra 2020 ter jo poimenovali linija B.1.526;<ref>{{navedi novice | vauthors = Mandavilli A |title=A New Coronavirus Variant Is Spreading in New York, Researchers Report |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/24/health/coronavirus-variant-nyc.html |work=The New York Times |date=24. 2. 2021}}</ref> do 11. 4. 2021 so jo zaznali že v vsaj 48 ameriških zveznih državah ter v 18 drugih državah po svetu. Spomladi 2021 jo je začela izpodrivati bolj nalezljiva različica alfa;<ref name="NYTimes 17May">{{navedi novice|last1=Zimmer|first1=Carl|last2=Mandavilli|first2=Apoorva|date=14. 5. 2021|title=How the United States Beat the Variants, for Now|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/14/health/coronavirus-variants-united-states-of-america.html|accessdate=17. 5. 2021}}</ref>
* različica kapa – gre za eno od treh sublinij virusne linije B.1.617, poimenovana tudi B.1.617.1, 21B<ref name="who-update-latest-impacts"/> ali 21A/S:154K;<ref name="who-update-8june"/> prvič so jo odkrili v Indiji decembra 2020.<ref name="who-update-27apr">{{cite techreport |type=Situation report |title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 27. 4. 2021 |institution=World Health Organization |date=27. 4. 2021 |url=https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---27-april-2021 |access-date=14. 6. 2021}}</ref> Konec marca je predstavljala že več kot polovico primerov okužb v Indiji (med analiziranimi vzorci);<ref>{{navedi novice |last=Le Page |first=Michael |date=4 June 2021 |title=Indian covid-19 variant (B.1.617) |url=https://www.newscientist.com/definition/indian-covid-19-variant-b-1-617/ |work=[[New Scientist]] |access-date=8. 6. 2021}}</ref>

==Pregled pomembnih različic ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="4" |Identifikacija<ref name="who-update-latest-impacts"/>
! colspan="3" |Pojav
! colspan="4" |Spremembe glede na predhodno krožeče različice
! colspan="3" |Aktivnost nevtralizirajočih protiteles (oziroma učinkovitost, če so podatki na voljo)
|-
!Oznaka [[Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija|SZO]] 
!Linija po [[Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages|PANGO]]
!Različica po Public Health England (PHE)<wbr /><wbr/>{{efn-ua|Oblika poimenovanja se je spremenila marca 2021; v imenu se za leto po novem uporabljata dve števki namesto štirih, za mesec za tričrkovna okrajšava namesto dvomestno število, na primer, namesto VOC-'''2021'''''01''-02 se uporablja  VOC-'''21'''''JAN''-02.<ref name="phe-voc">{{navedi splet |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-variants-genomically-confirmed-case-numbers/variants-distribution-of-cases-data |title=Variants: distribution of cases data |publisher=[[Government Digital Service]] |website=Public Health England |access-date=16. 2. 2021 |archive-date=7. 6. 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607111658/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-variants-genomically-confirmed-case-numbers/variants-distribution-of-cases-data |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
![[Nextstrain]]ov klad
!Prvi kraj izbruha
!Datum prvega vzorca<wbr/><ref name="who-update-22june">{{cite techreport |type=Situation report |title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 22 June 2021 |institution=World Health Organization |date=22 June 2021 |url=https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---22-june-2021 |access-date=26. 6. 2021 |archive-date=29. 6. 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629142153/https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---22-june-2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!Datum dodelitve statusa skrb vzbujajoče različice
!Pomembne mutacije
![[Osnovno reprodukcijsko število|Prenosljivost]]
!Verjetnost hospitalizacije
!Smrtnost
!Po okužbi{{efn-ua|Učinkovitost zaščite po naravni okužbi pred ponovno okužbo, kadar je podatek na voljo.}}
!Po [[cepivo|cepljenju]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|{{sort|1|[[Različica SARS-CoV-2 alfa|Alfa]]}}
|B.1.1.7
|VOC‑20DEC‑01<wbr/>
|rowspan="2" |20I (V1)
|rowspan="2" |[[Združeno kraljestvo]]
|20. sept. 2020 <wbr/><ref>{{navedi splet |vauthors=Rambaut A, Loman N, Pybus O, Barclay W, Barrett J, Carabelli A, Connor T, Peacock T, Robertson DL, Volz E |display-authors=6 |date=18 December 2020 |title=Preliminary genomic characterisation of an emergent SARS-CoV-2 lineage in the UK defined by a novel set of spike mutations |url=https://virological.org/t/preliminary-genomic-characterisation-of-an-emergent-sars-cov-2-lineage-in-the-uk-defined-by-a-novel-set-of-spike-mutations/563 |access-date=14. 6. 2021 |website=Virological}}</ref>
|18. dec. 2020<wbr/><ref>{{cite techreport |type=Briefing |title=Investigation of novel SARS-COV-2 variant, technical briefing 1 |institution=Public Health England |date=21. 12. 2020 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/959438/Technical_Briefing_VOC_SH_NJL2_SH2.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref>
|69–70del, N501Y, P681H<wbr/><ref name=":33">{{navedi splet|date=28 January 2021|title=Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/scientific-brief-emerging-variants.html|access-date=4 January 2021|website=CDC.gov|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|type=Science brief}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>{{sfnp|Chand ''et al.''|2020|p=6|loc=Potential impact of spike variant N501Y}}
|rowspan="2" {{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|{{Estimate|+29|24|33|unit= %|type=cri|mini=auto}}<wbr/><ref name="transmissibility-multinational">{{cite journal | vauthors = Campbell F, Archer B, Laurenson-Schafer H, Jinnai Y, Konings F, Batra N, Pavlin B, Vandemaele K, Van Kerkhove MD, Jombart T, Morgan O, le Polain de Waroux O | display-authors = 6 | title = Increased transmissibility and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern as at June 2021 | journal = Euro Surveillance | volume = 26 | issue = 24 | pages = 2100509 | date = junij 2021 | pmid = 34142653 | pmc = 8212592 | doi = 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.24.2100509 }}</ref>{{efn-ua|name=same-alpha|Linija B.1.1.7 z E484K se zgleda od osnovne linije B.1.1.7 razlikuje le glede na aktivnost nevtralizirajočih protiteles.<ref name="ecdc-variants">{{navedi splet |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern |url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern |website=ECDC.eu |publisher=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control |access-date=12. 5. 2021 |archive-date=16. 6. 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616103810/https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern |url-status=live }} USe redno posodablja.</ref>}}}}
|rowspan="2" {{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|{{Estimate|+52|47|57|unit=%|mini=auto}}<wbr/>{{efn-ua|name=alpha-severity|23. november 2020 – 31. januar 2021, Anglija.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nyberg T, Twohig KA, Harris RJ, Seaman SR, Flannagan J, Allen H, Charlett A, De Angelis D, Dabrera G, Presanis AM | display-authors = 6 | title = Risk of hospital admission for patients with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: cohort analysis | journal = BMJ | volume = 373 | pages = n1412 | date = junij 2021 | pmid = 34130987 | pmc = 8204098 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.n1412 | s2cid = 235187479 }}</ref>}}{{efn-ua|name=same-alpha}}}}
|rowspan="2" {{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|{{Estimate|+59|44|74|unit=%|mini=auto}}<wbr/>{{efn-ua|name=alpha-severity}}{{efn-ua|name=same-alpha}}}}
|{{risk|level=low|align=ml|minimalno zmanjšana<wbr/><ref name="cdc-variants"/>}}
|{{risk|level=low|align=ml|minimalno zmanjšana<wbr/><ref name="cdc-variants"/>}}
|-
|B.1.1.7 z E484K<wbr/>{{efn-ua|Liniji B.1.1.7 z mutacijo E484K SZO ni dodelil posebne oznake; zato je tukaj uvrščena pod isto oznako kot izhodiščna linija  B.1.1.7}}<ref name="phe-voc"/>
|VOC‑21FEB‑02
|26. jan. 2021<wbr/><ref name="briefing5">{{cite techreport |type=Briefing |title=Investigation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant 202012/01, technical briefing 5 |id=GW-1905 |institution=Public Health England |date=2 February 2021 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/959426/Variant_of_Concern_VOC_202012_01_Technical_Briefing_5.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=14. 6. 2021}}</ref>
|5. feb. 2021<wbr/><ref name="GW-1934">{{cite techreport |type=Briefing |title=Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in England, technical briefing 6 |id=GW-1934 |institution=Public Health England |date=13. 2. 2021 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/961299/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_6_England-1.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=6. 6. 2021}}</ref>
|E484K, 69–70del, N501Y, P681H<ref name=":33"/>{{sfnp|Chand ''et al.''|2020|p=6|loc=Potential impact of spike variant N501Y}}
|{{risk|level=high|align=ml|znatno zmanjšana<wbr/><ref name="b117e484k">{{cite journal | vauthors = Collier DA, De Marco A, Ferreira IA, Meng B, Datir RP, Walls AC, Kemp SA, Bassi J, Pinto D, Silacci-Fregni C, Bianchi S, Tortorici MA, Bowen J, Culap K, Jaconi S, Cameroni E, Snell G, Pizzuto MS, Pellanda AF, Garzoni C, Riva A, Elmer A, Kingston N, Graves B, McCoy LE, Smith KG, Bradley JR, Temperton N, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Barcenas-Morales G, Harvey W, Virgin HW, Lanzavecchia A, Piccoli L, Doffinger R, Wills M, Veesler D, Corti D, Gupta RK | display-authors = 6 | title = Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 to mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies | journal = Nature | volume = 593 | issue = 7857 | pages = 136–141 | date = maj 2021 | pmid = 33706364 | doi = 10.1038/s41586-021-03412-7 | type = Published | doi-access = free | quote = We therefore generated pseudoviruses that carried the B.1.1.7 spike mutations with or without the additional E484K substitution and tested these against sera obtained after the first and second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine as well as against convalescent sera. After the second vaccine dose, we observed a considerable loss of neutralising activity for the pseudovirus with the B.1.1.7 spike mutations and E484K (Fig. 3d, e). The mean fold change for the E484K-containing B.1.1.7 spike variant was 6.7 compared with 1.9 for the B.1.1.7 variant, relative to the wild-type spike protein (Fig. 3a–c and Extended Data Fig. 5). Similarly, when we tested a panel of convalescent sera with a range of neutralisation titres (Fig. 1f, g and Extended Data Fig. 5), we observed additional loss of activity against the mutant B.1.1.7 spike with E484K, with fold change of 11.4 relative to the wild-type spike protein (Fig. 3f, g and Extended Data Fig. 5). }}</ref>}}
|{{risk|level=high|align=ml|znatno zmanjšana<wbr/><ref name="b117e484k"/>}}
|-
|{{sort|2|[[Različica SARS-CoV-2 beta|Beta]]}}
|B.1.351
|VOC‑20DEC‑02
|20H (V2)
|[[Južna Afrika]]
|maj 2020
|14. jan. 2021<wbr/><ref>{{cite techreport |type=Note |title=NERVTAG paper: brief note on SARS-CoV-2 variants |institution=Public Health England |date=13. 1. 2021 | vauthors = Horby P, Barclay W, Huntley C |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nervtag-brief-note-on-sars-cov-2-variants-13-january-2021 |access-date=6. 6. 2021}}</ref>
|K417N, E484K, N501Y<wbr/><ref name=":33"/>
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|{{Estimate|+25|20|30|unit=%|mini=auto}}<wbr/><ref name="transmissibility-multinational"/>}}
|{{risk|level=unknown|align=ml|se raziskuje}}
|{{risk|level=medium|align=ml|morda povečana<wbr/><ref name="aci-variants">{{navedi splet |url=https://aci.health.nsw.gov.au/covid-19/critical-intelligence-unit/sars-cov-2-variants |title=Living Evidence – SARS-CoV-2 variants |website=nsw.gov.au |date=23. 7. 2021 |publisher=[[Ministry of Health (New South Wales)]] |department=Agency for Clinical Innovation |access-date=22. 3. 2021 |archive-date=16. 4. 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416012757/https://aci.health.nsw.gov.au/covid-19/critical-intelligence-unit/sars-cov-2-variants |url-status=live }} Se redno posodablja..</ref><ref name="who-update-latest-impacts"/>}}
|{{risk|level=medium|align=ml|zmanjšana (T-celični odziv ohranjen)<wbr/><ref name="cdc-variants"/><ref name="who-update-latest-impacts"/>}}
|{{risk|level=high|align=ml|zmanjšana učinkovitost za preprečevanje blage bolezni,{{efn-ua|Oxford-AstraZeneca, NovaVax.}} ohranjena učinkovitost proti hudi obliki<wbr/><ref name="who-update-latest-impacts"/>}}
|-
|{{sort|3|[[Različica SARS-CoV-2 gama|Gama]]}}
|P.1
|VOC‑21JAN‑02
|20J (V3)
|[[Brazilija]]
|nov. 2020
|15. jan. 2021<wbr/><ref>{{navedi novice |title=Confirmed cases of COVID-19 variants identified in UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/confirmed-cases-of-covid-19-variants-identified-in-uk |agency=Public Health England |website=GOV.UK |date=15 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite techreport | vauthors = Horby P, Barclay W, Gupta R, Huntley C |type=Note |title=NERVTAG paper: note on variant P.1 |institution=Public Health England |date=27 January 2021 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nervtag-note-on-variant-p1-27-january-2021 |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref>
|K417T, E484K, N501Y<wbr/><ref name=":33"/>
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|{{Estimate|+38|29|48|unit=%|mini=auto}}<wbr/><ref name="transmissibility-multinational"/>}}
|{{risk|level=medium|align=ml|morda povečana<wbr/><ref name="who-update-latest-impacts"/>}}
|{{risk|level=high|align=ml|{{Estimate|+50|20|90|50|unit=%|type=cri|mini=auto}}<wbr/>{{efn-ua|name=low-confidence|Poročana [[interval zaupanja|intervala zaupanja]] in [[interval verodostojnosti|verodostojnosti]] imata nizko verjetnost, zato se lahko ocenjene vrednosti razumejo le kot možne, vendar ne gotove oziroma zelo verjetne.}}{{efn-ua|marec 2020 – fevruar 2021, Manaus.<ref name="cadde-p1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Faria NR, Mellan TA, Whittaker C, Claro IM, Candido DD, Mishra S, Crispim MA, Sales FC, Hawryluk I, McCrone JT, Hulswit RJ, Franco LA, Ramundo MS, de Jesus JG, Andrade PS, Coletti TM, Ferreira GM, Silva CA, Manuli ER, Pereira RH, Peixoto PS, Kraemer MU, Gaburo N, Camilo CD, Hoeltgebaum H, Souza WM, Rocha EC, de Souza LM, de Pinho MC, Araujo LJ, Malta FS, de Lima AB, Silva JD, Zauli DA, Ferreira AC, Schnekenberg RP, Laydon DJ, Walker PG, Schlüter HM, Dos Santos AL, Vidal MS, Del Caro VS, Filho RM, Dos Santos HM, Aguiar RS, Proença-Modena JL, Nelson B, Hay JA, Monod M, Miscouridou X, Coupland H, Sonabend R, Vollmer M, Gandy A, Prete CA, Nascimento VH, Suchard MA, Bowden TA, Pond SL, Wu CH, Ratmann O, Ferguson NM, Dye C, Loman NJ, Lemey P, Rambaut A, Fraiji NA, Carvalho MD, Pybus OG, Flaxman S, Bhatt S, Sabino EC | display-authors = 6 | title = Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil | journal = Science | volume = 372 | issue = 6544 | pages = 815–821 | date = maj 2021 | pmid = 33853970 | pmc = 8139423 | doi = 10.1126/science.abh2644 | quote = Within this plausible region of parameter space, P.1 can be between 1.7 and 2.4 times more transmissible (50% BCI, 2.0 median, with a 99% posterior probability of being >1) than local non-P1 lineages and can evade 21 to 46% (50% BCI, 32% median, with a 95% posterior probability of being able to evade at least 10%) of protective immunity elicited by previous infection with non-P.1 lineages, corresponding to 54 to 79% (50% BCI, 68% median) cross-immunity ... We estimate that infections are 1.2 to 1.9 times more likely (50% BCI, median 1.5, 90% posterior probability of being >1) to result in mortality in the period after the emergence of P.1, compared with before, although posterior estimates of this relative risk are also correlated with inferred cross-immunity. More broadly, the recent epidemic in Manaus has strained the city's health care system, leading to inadequate access to medical care. We therefore cannot determine whether the estimated increase in relative mortality risk is due to P.1 infection, stresses on the Manaus health care system, or both. Detailed clinical investigations of P.1 infections are needed. | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2021Sci...372..815F }}</ref> Preliminarni rezultati raziskave iz severnega predela Brazilije so pokazali, da je pri liniji P.1 smrtnost med zdravimi mladimi posamezniki močno povečana. V skupini bolnikov s pridruženimi boleznimi so podatki pokazali, da se smrtnost poveča za {{Estimate|490|220|985|unit=%|mini=auto}} pri moških v starostni skupini 20–39 let, {{Estimate|465|190|1003|unit=%|mini=auto}} pri ženskah v starostni skupini 20–39 let in {{Estimate|670|401|1083|unit=%|mini=auto}} pri ženskah v starostni skupini 40–59 let.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Freitas AR, Lemos DR, Beckedorff OA, Cavalcanti LP, Siqueira AM, Mello RC, Barros EN |display-authors=6 |date=19. 4. 2021 |title=The increase in the risk of severity and fatality rate of covid-19 in southern Brazil after the emergence of the Variant of Concern (VOC) SARS-CoV-2 P.1 was greater among young adults without pre-existing risk conditions |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.13.21255281v1 |type=[[Preprint]] |work=[[medRxiv]] |doi=10.1101/2021.04.13.21255281 |s2cid=233295278 |quote=Female 20 to 39 years old, with no pre-existing risk conditions, were at risk of death 5.65 times higher in February (95% CI, 2.9-11.03; p <0.0001) and in the age group of 40 and 59 years old, this risk was 7.7 times higher (95% CI, 5.01-11.83; p <0.0001) comparing with November–December. ... The heterogeneity observed between the age groups was greater when we analysed the subgroup of the population without preexisting risk conditions where we found that the CFR in the female sex in the second wave was 1.95 times (95% CI, 1.38-2.76) the CFR of the first wave in the population over 85 years old and was 7.7 times (95% CI, 5.01-11.83; p < 0.0001) in the population between 40 and 59 years old. In the male population without previous diseases, the CFR in the second wave was 2.18 (95% CI, 1.62-2.93) times the CFR of the first wave in the population over 85 years old and 5.9 (95% CI, 3.2-10.85; p < 0, 0001) higher in the range between 20 and 39 years old.}}</ref>{{efn-ua|name=different-conditions}}}}}}
|{{risk|level=medium|align=ml|zmanjšana<wbr/><ref name="cdc-variants"/>}}
|{{risk|level=low|align=ml|nespremenjena pri mnogih bolnikih<wbr/>{{efn-ua|Razen pri cepivu podjetij Pfizer–BioNTech.<ref name="aci-variants"/>}}}}
|-
|{{sort|4|[[Različica SARS-CoV-2 delta|Delta]]}}
|B.1.617.2
|VOC‑21APR‑02<wbr/>
|21A
|[[Indija]]
|okt. 2020
|6. maj 2021<wbr/><ref name="briefing10">{{cite techreport |type=Briefing |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England, technical briefing 10 |id=GOV-8226 |institution=Public Health England |date=7. 5. 2021 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/984274/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_10_England.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref>
|L452R, T478K, P681R<wbr/><ref name=20A_617/>
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|{{Estimate|+97|76|117|unit=%|mini=auto}}<wbr/><ref name="transmissibility-multinational"/>}}
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|{{Estimate|+85|39|147|unit=%|mini=auto}} <small>glede na alfa</small><wbr/>{{efn-ua|1 April – 6 June 2021, Scotland.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sheikh A, McMenamin J, Taylor B, Robertson C | title = SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in Scotland: demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness | journal = Lancet | volume = 397 | issue = 10293 | pages = 2461–2462 | date = June 2021 | pmid = 34139198 | pmc = 8201647 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01358-1 }}</ref> Neka druga preliminarna raziskava iz Ontaria je pokazala, da je verjetnost hospitalizacije pri različici delta višja za 120 % v primerjavi z linijami, ki ne spadajo med zaskrbljujoče različice.{{efn-ua|name=delta-ontario}}{{efn-ua|name=different-conditions|Razlike so morda posledica različnih pravil in ukrepov, ki so se jih posluževali na različnih območjih v različnem času, lahko pa tudi različnih kapacitet lokalnih zdravstvenih sistemov ter tudi kroženja različnih različih virusa v času in območju raziskave.}}}}}}
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|{{Estimate|+137|50|230|unit=%|mini=auto}}<wbr/>{{efn-ua|name=delta-ontario|7. februar – 22. junij 2021, Ontario.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fisman D, Tuite A |date=12 July 2021 |title=Progressive Increase in Virulence of Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Ontario, Canada  |type=[[Preprint]] |work=[[medRxiv]] |doi=10.1101/2021.07.05.21260050|s2cid=235756602 }}</ref>}}}}
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|dokazani primeri ponovne okužbe<wbr/><ref name="phe-delta-risk-assessment"/>}}
|{{risk|level=medium|align=ml|minimalno zmanjšanje<wbr/><ref name="who-update-latest-impacts"/><ref name="phe-delta-risk-assessment">{{cite techreport |type=Assessment |title=Risk assessment for SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta |institution=Public Health England |date=23 July 2021 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1005395/23_July_2021_Risk_assessment_for_SARS-CoV-2_variant_Delta.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref>{{efn-ua|Zmerno zmanjšana nevtralizacija pri cepivu Covaxin.<wbr/><ref name="B.1.617 neutralization">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yadav PD, Sapkal GN, Abraham P, Ella R, Deshpande G, Patil DY, Nyayanit DA, Gupta N, Sahay RR, Shete AM, Panda S, Bhargava B, Mohan VK | display-authors = 6 | title = Neutralization of variant under investigation B.1.617 with sera of BBV152 vaccinees | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | issue = ciab411 | date = maj 2021 | pmid = 33961693 | doi = 10.1093/cid/ciab411 | publisher = Oxford University Press | biorxiv = 10.1101/2021.04.23.441101 }}</ref>}}}}

|-
|{{sort|15|[[Različica SARS-CoV-2 omikron|Omikron]]}}
|B.1.1.529
|VOC-21NOV-01
|21K
|[[Južna Afrika]]
|{{dts|2021|11|09|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Callaway |first=Ewen |date=2021-11-25 |title=Heavily mutated coronavirus variant puts scientists on alert |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03552-w |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/d41586-021-03552-w}}</ref>
|{{dts|2021|11|26|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr/><ref name="who-omicron">{{navedi novice |title=Classification of Omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern |access-date=26 November 2021 |publisher=Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija |date=26. 11. 2021}}</ref>
|P681H, N440K, N501Y, S477N, many others<wbr/><ref name="briefing29">{{cite techreport |type=Briefing |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England, technical briefing 29 |id=GOV-10481 |institution=Public Health England |date=26 November 2021 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1036501/Technical_Briefing_29_published_26_November_2021.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=26 November 2021 |archive-date=27 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127004349/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1036501/Technical_Briefing_29_published_26_November_2021.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|potencialno povečana<wbr/><ref name="phe-omicron-risk-assessment">{{cite techreport |type=Assessment |title=Risk assessment for SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron |institution=Public Health England |date=9. 12. 2021 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1040064/9_December-2021-risk-assessment-for-SARS_Omicron_VOC-21NOV-01_B.1.1.529.pdf |id=GOV-10654 |format=PDF |access-date=10. 12. 2021}}</ref>}}
|{{risk|level=unknown|align=ml|''se raziskuje''}}
|{{risk|level=unknown|align=ml|''se raziskuje''}}
|{{risk|level=high|align=ml|zmanjšana<wbr/><ref name="phe-omicron-risk-assessment"/><ref>{{navedi novice |title=South Africa finds omicron 'highly transmissible' and more resistant to COVID-19 vaccines |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/12/14/covid-omicron-south-africa-study/6502201001/ |access-date=14 December 2021 |work=USA Today |date=14 December 2021}}</ref>}}
|{{risk|level=high|align=ml|učinkovirost proti simptomni okužbi zmanjšana, neznan vpliv na učinkovitost proti hudi obliki bolezni<wbr/><ref name="phe-omicron-risk-assessment"/><ref name="reuters-omicron-discovery-health">{{navedi novice |title=Pfizer shot less effective against hospitalisation in South Africa - study |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/pfizer-vaccine-protecting-against-hospitalisation-during-omicron-wave-study-2021-12-14/ |access-date=14. 12. 2021 |date=14. 12. 2021}}</ref>}}
|}
{{Legend inline|#faa|Zelo visoko tveganje}} {{Legend inline|#fc8|Visoko tveganje}} {{Legend inline|#fe8|Srednje tveganje}} {{Legend inline|#cfc|Nizko tveganje}} {{Legend inline|#eee|Neznano tveganje}}
{{notelist-ua}}

== Opombe ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />

== Sklici ==
{{sklici}}

[[Kategorija:Koronavirusi]]