Ogled vira Saturn

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{{Infopolje Planet
| bgcolour = #FFCC66 
| name = Saturn
| symbol = [[Slika:Saturn symbol (bold).svg|24px|alt=♄|Astronomski znak za Saturn]]
| image = [[Slika:Saturn from Cassini Orbiter (2004-10-06).jpg|240px|Planet Saturn]]
| caption = Saturn, kot ga je posnela sonda [[Cassini-Huygens|Cassini]]
| orbit_ref = <ref name=horizons>{{navedi splet
 | last = Yeomans | first = Donald K. | date = 2006-07-13
 | url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons
 | title = HORIZONS System | publisher = NASA JPL
 | accessdate = 2007-08-08 }} — At the site, go to the "web interface" then select "Ephemeris Type: ELEMENTS", "Target Body: Saturn Barycenter" and "Center: Sun".</ref><ref name=barycenter>Orbital elements refer to the barycenter of the Saturn system, and are the instantaneous [[osculating orbit|osculating]] values at the precise [[J2000]] epoch. Barycenter quantities are given because, in contrast to the planetary centre, they do not experience appreciable changes on a day-to-day basis from to the motion of the moons.</ref>
| epoch = [[Epoha (astronomija)#J2000.0|J2000]]
| aphelion = 1.513.325.783&nbsp;km<br />10,11595804 [[astronomska enota|a.e.]]
| perihelion = 1.353.572,956&nbsp;km<br />9,04807635 a.e.
| semimajor = 1.433.449.370 km<br />9,58201720 a.e.
| eccentricity = 0,055723219
| period = 10.832,327 [[dan|dni]]<br />29,657 296 [[julijansko leto|l.]]
| synodic_period = 378,09 dni<ref name="fact"/>
| avg_speed = 9,69&nbsp;km/s<ref name="fact"/>
| inclination = 2,485240°<br />5,51° glede na Sončev ravnik
| asc_node = 113,642811°
| arg_peri = 336,013862°
| mean_anomaly = 320,347750°
| satellites = [[Saturnovi naravni sateliti|60 potrjenih]]<br />(videnih do 63)<!--- see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Saturn/Archive_1#Moon_contradiction --->
| physical_characteristics = yes
| flattening = 0,09796 ± 0,00018 <!-- calculated using data from ref name=Seidelmann2007 -->
| equatorial_radius = 60.268 ± 4&nbsp;km<ref name=Seidelmann2007>{{cite journal | last=Seidelmann | first=P. Kenneth | last2=Archinal | first2=B. A. | last3=A’hearn | first3=M. F. | last4=Conrad | first4=A. | last5=Consolmagno | first5=G. J. | last6=Hestroffer | first6=D. | last7=Hilton | first7=J. L. | last8=Krasinsky | first8=G. A. | last9=Neumann | first9=G. | last10=Oberst | first10=J. | last11=Stooke | first11=P. | last12=Tedesco | first12=E. F. | last13=Tholen | first13=D. J. | last14=Thomas | first14=P. C. | last15=Williams | first15=I. P. | title=Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006 | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_celestial-mechanics-and-dynamical-astronomy_2007_98_3/page/155 | journal=Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy | volume=98 | issue=3 | year=2007 | doi=10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y | pages=155–180| issn = 0923-2958 }}</ref><ref name=1bar>Podatek se nanaša na 1 bar atmosferskega pritiska</ref><br />9,4492 [[Zemljin polmer|Zemljinega]]
| polar_radius = 54.364 ± 10&nbsp;km<ref name=Seidelmann2007/><ref name=1bar/><br />8,5521 Zemljinega
| surface_area = 4,27×10<sup>10</sup> km²<ref name=1bar/><ref name="nasafact">[http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Facts NASA: Solar System Exploration: Planets: Saturn: Facts & Figures] {{ikona en}}</ref><br />83,703 Zemljine
| volume = 8,2713×10<sup>14</sup> km³<ref name="fact">{{navedi splet
|url = http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturnfact.html
|title = Saturn Fact Sheet
|publisher = NASA
|last = Williams
|first = Dr. David R.
|accessdate = 2007-07-31
|language=en
|date = 7. september 2006}}</ref><ref name=1bar/><br />763,59 Zemljine
| mass = 5,6846×10<sup>26</sup> kg<ref name="fact"/><br />95,152 [[zemljina masa|Zemljine]]
| density = 0,687 g/cm³<ref name="fact"/><ref name=1bar/><br /> (manj kot [[voda]])
| surface_grav = 8,96 [[pospešek|m/s²]]<ref name="fact"/><ref name=1bar/><br />0,914 [[težnostni pospešek|''g'']]
| escape_velocity = 35,5&nbsp;km/s<ref name="fact"/><ref name=1bar/>
| sidereal_day = 0,439 – 0,449 dni<ref name="saturnDay">{{navedi splet
|url = http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/070906_saturn_day.html
|title = Length of Saturn's Day Revised
|publisher = Space.com
|last = Than
|first = Ker
|accessdate = 2007-09-06
|date = 6. september 2007}}</ref><br /> (10 h 32 – 47 min)
| rot_velocity = 9,87&nbsp;km/s<ref name=1bar/><br />35.500&nbsp;km/h
| axial_tilt = 26,73°<ref name="fact"/>
| right_asc_north_pole = 2 h 42 min 21 s<br />40,589°<ref name=Seidelmann2007/>
| declination = 83,537°<ref name=Seidelmann2007/>
| albedo = 0,342<br />
0,47 ([[geometrični albedo|geom.]])<ref name="fact"/>
| magnitude = +1,2 do -0,24 <ref name="magnitude">{{navedi splet
|url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4015/is_200101/ai_n8933308
|title = Wideband photoelectric magnitude measurements of Saturn in 2000
|accessdate = 2007-10-14
|last = Schmude
|first = Richard W Jr
|date = 2001
|language = en
|publisher = Georgia Journal of Science
|archive-date = 2007-10-16
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071016182302/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4015/is_200101/ai_n8933308
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| angular_size = 14,5" — 20,1" <ref name="fact"/><br />(brez obročev)
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1 = raven enega bara
| min_temp_1 = 
| mean_temp_1 = 134&nbsp;[[Kelvin|K]]<ref name="fact"/>
| max_temp_1 = 
| temp_name2 = 0,1 bar
| min_temp_2 = 
| mean_temp_2 = 84&nbsp;K<ref name="fact"/>
| max_temp = 
| adjectives = Saturnov
| atmosphere = yes
| atmosphere_ref = <ref name="fact"/>
| scale_height = 59,5 km
| atmosphere_composition = 
<table>
<tr><td>
~96 %</td><td>[[vodik]] (H<sub>2</sub>)
</td></tr><tr><td>
~3 %</td><td>[[helij]]
</td></tr><tr><td>
~0,4 %</td><td>[[metan]]
</td></tr><tr><td>
~0,01 %</td><td>[[amonijak]]
</td></tr><tr><td>
~0,01 %</td><td>[[vodikov devterid]] (HD)
</td></tr><tr><td>
0,0007 %</td><td>[[etan]]
</td></tr><tr><td>
'''Led''':</td><td>
</td></tr><tr><td>
</td><td>[[amonijak]]
</td></tr><tr><td>
</td><td>[[voda]]
</td></tr><tr><td>
</td><td>[[amonijev hidrosulfid]](NH<sub>4</sub>SH)
</td></tr></table>
}}
'''Satúrn''' je [[zunanji planet|zunanji]], [[6 (število)|šesti]] [[planet]] od [[Sonce|Sonca]] v [[Osončje|Osončju]]. Imenuje se po [[rimska mitologija|rimskem bogu]]  [[Saturn (bog)|Saturnu]]. Je [[plinski velikan|plinasti orjak]], po velikosti drugi največji za [[Jupiter (planet)|Jupitrom]]. Poleg Jupitra, [[Uran (planet)|Urana]] in [[Neptun (planet)|Neptuna]] spada v skupino [[jupitrovski planet|jupitrovskih planetov]]. Že od nekdaj je najbolj znan po svojih značilnih obročih. Njegova [[naravni satelit|luna]] [[Titan (luna)|Titan]] je druga največja luna v Osončju za Jupitrovo luno [[Ganimed (luna)|Ganimed]]. Titan je edina luna z gosto atmosfero.

== Fizikalne značilnosti ==
=== Sestava planeta ===
Planet je sestavljen večinoma iz [[vodik]]a (75 %) in [[helij]]a (25 %). Domnevajo, da ima v notranjosti sredico iz [[železo|železa]], [[nikelj|niklja]] in skal (silikatnih spojin in oksidov), ki jo obkrožajo notranja plast [[Kovinski vodik|kovinskega vodika]] v [[kapljevina|kapljevinskem]] stanju, vmesna plast kapljevinastega vodika in helija ter zunanja, plinasta plast.<ref name="Composition ref">{{navedi splet |url=http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/planets/GiantGaseousPlanets.html |title=Giant Gaseous Planets |accessdate=23.6.2013 |last=Brainerd |first=Jerome J. |date=27.10.2004 |work=The Astrophysics Spectator |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517065724/http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/planets/GiantGaseousPlanets.html |archivedate=2013-05-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bledo rumena obarvanost je posledica prisotnosti [[amonijak]]a v sledeh v zgornjih plasteh atmosfere.<ref name="mag">{{navedi splet |author1=Russell, C.T. |author2=Luhmann, J.G. |year=1997 |url=http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/personnel/russell/papers/sat_mag.html |title=Saturn: Magnetic Field and Magnetosphere |publisher=UCLA – IGPP Space Physics Center |accessdate=23.6.2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412231011/http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/personnel/russell/papers/sat_mag.html |archivedate=2013-04-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Saturnovi obroči ===
{{glavni|Saturnovi obroči}}
Najočitnejša Saturnova značilnost je sistem obročev, ki ga obdaja v razdalji 6.630&nbsp;km do 120.700&nbsp;km nad [[ekvator]]jem. Sistem sestavlja devet sklenjenih in trije nesklenjeni obroči povprečne debeline približno 20 m, ki so v glavnem iz koščkov [[led]]u. Kemijsko gledano so 93 % iz vode s [[tolin]]skimi nečistočami v sledovih, ostalo je amorfni [[ogljik]].<ref>{{navedi revijo |title=The Composition of Saturn's Rings |author1=Poulet, F. |author2=Cuzzi, J.N. |journal=Icarus |doi=10.1006/icar.2002.6967 |volume=160 |page=350 |year=2002 |bibcode=2002Icar..160..350P |issue=2}}</ref> Velikost delcev sega od prašnih drobcev do premera 10 m.<ref>{{navedi splet |url=http://www.ee.kth.se/php/modules/publications/reports/2005/TRITA-ALP-2005-03.pdf |title=Dusty Plasma Response to a Moving Test Change |first=Muhammad |last=Shafiq |year=2005 |accessdate=23.6.2013 |publisher=KTH Stockholm |format=PDF}}</ref>

Nastanek obročev ni povsem jasen. Po eni od [[teorija|teorij]] so nastali ob razpadu ledene lune, ki se je preveč približala planetu, po drugi pa vsebujejo obroči prvobitno snov, ki se zaradi bližine planeta ni mogla združiti v eno samo telo.

== Saturnovi naravni sateliti ==
{{glavni|Saturnovi naravni sateliti}}

Neupoštevajoč stotine večjih delcev v obročih ima Saturn 62 naravnih satelitov,<ref>{{navedi splet |first=Enrico |last=Piazza |title=Saturn's Moons |work=Cassini, Equinox Mission |publisher=JPL NASA |url=http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/science/moons/ |accessdate=22.6.2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703103423/http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/science/moons/ |archivedate=2010-07-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> od tega je 53 uradno poimenovanih. Največja luna [[Titan (luna)|Titan]] je večja od [[Merkur]]ja in je edini naravni satelit v Osončju, ki ima omembe vredno atmosfero.<ref name="Titan ref">{{navedi splet |url=http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features/saturn-story/moons.cfm |title=The Story of Saturn |accessdate=7.7.2007 |last=Munsell |first=Kirk |date=6.4.2005 |publisher=NASA JPL |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705211250/http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features/saturn-story/moons.cfm |archivedate=2007-07-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Nekatere druge večje lune so [[Pan (luna)|Pan]],
[[Atlas (luna)|Atlas]],
[[Prometej (luna)|Prometej]],
[[Pandora (luna)|Pandora]], 
[[Epimetej (luna)|Epimetej]],
[[Jan (luna)|Jan]], 
[[Mimas (luna)|Mimas]],  
[[Enkelad (luna)|Enkelad]],  
[[Tetija (luna)|Tetija]], 
[[Telesto (luna)|Telesto]], 
[[Kalipso (luna)|Kalipso]],  
[[Diona (luna)|Diona]], 
[[Helena (luna)|Helena]], 
[[Hiperion (luna)|Hiperion]], 
[[Fojba (luna)|Fojba]] ,
[[Japet (luna)|Japet]] in
[[Rea (luna)|Rea]].

== Sklici ==

{{sklici|2}}

== Zunanje povezave ==

{{kategorija v Zbirki|Saturn (planet)}}

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{{Saturnove lune}}
{{navigacija Osončje}}
{{Atmosfere}}
{{portal|Astronomija}}

{{astronomska škrbina}}

{{normativna kontrola}}

[[Kategorija:Planeti Osončja]]
[[Kategorija:Saturn| ]]
[[Kategorija:Astronomska telesa, znana od nekdaj]]
[[Kategorija:Zunanji planeti]]
[[Kategorija:Plinasti orjaki]]