Ogled vira Rozide

{{Taksonomka
| name = Rozide
| color = lightgreen
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|99.6|0|zgodnja [[kreda]]–recentno}}
| image = File:P1040069-Anthyllis-vulneraria.JPG
| image_caption = [[Pravi ranjak]] (''Anthyllis vulneraria'')
| regnum = [[Plantae]] (rastline)
| clade_phylum = [[Cevnice]] (traheofiti)
| clade_ordo = [[Kritosemenke]]
| clade_familia = [[Prave dvokaličnice]]
| clade_genus = [[Superrozide]]
| clade_species = '''Rozide'''
| subdivision_ranks = Redovi<ref>{{Navedi revijo|date=oktober 2009|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x|magazine=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=161|issue=2|pages=105–121|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x|issn=0024-4074}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi revijo|date=2016-03-24|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|url=https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385|magazine=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|doi=10.1111/boj.12385|issn=0024-4074}}</ref>
| subdivision = 
* [[Vitales]] (vinikovci)
* '''Prave rozide'''
*: '''Fabide'''
*:: [[Zygophyllales]]
*:: [[Celastrales]] (trdoleskovci)
*:: [[Oxalidales]]
*:: [[Malpighiales]]
*:: [[Fabales]] (stročnice)
*:: [[Rosales]] (šipkovci)
*:: [[Cucurbitales]] (bučevci)
*:: [[Fagales]] (bukovci)
*: '''Malvide'''
*:: [[Geraniales]] (krvomočnikovci)
*:: [[Myrtales]] (mirtovci)
*:: [[Crossosomatales]]
*:: [[Picramniales]]
*:: [[Sapindales]] (javorovci)
*:: [[Huerteales]]
*:: [[Malvales]] (slezenovci)
*:: [[Brassicales]] (križničevci)
}}
'''Rozide''' so pripadniki velikega [[Klad|klada]] (monofiletske skupine) [[Kritosemenke|kritosemenk]], kamor spada približno 70.000 [[Vrsta (biologija)|vrst]]<ref name=":0">{{Navedi splet|title=Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests|last3=Ps|first9=Manchester|last8=M|first8=Latvis|last7=Cc|first7=Davis|last6=R|first6=Alexandre|last5=Sf|first5=Brockington|last4=Cd|first4=Bell|first3=Soltis|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19223592/|last2=Mj|first2=Moore|last=H|first=Wang|language=en|doi=10.1073/pnas.0813376106|accessdate=2021-05-27|pmid=19223592|pmc=2644257|date=2009-03-10|website=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|last9=Sr}}</ref> oziroma več kot četrtina vseh kritosemenk.<ref>{{Navedi revijo|last=Scotland|first=Robert W.|last2=Wortley|first2=Alexandra H.|date=2003|title=How many species of seed plants are there?|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/3647306|magazine=TAXON|language=en|volume=52|issue=1|pages=101–104|doi=10.2307/3647306|issn=1996-8175}}</ref> Klad se deli v 16 do 20 [[Red (biologija)|redov]], pri čemer je točno število odvisno od klasifikacijskega sistema. Ti redovi skupaj zajemajo 140 [[Družina (biologija)|družin]].<ref>{{Navedi knjigo|title=Phylogeny and evolution of angiosperms|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60373934|publisher=Sinauer Associates|date=2005|location=Sunderland, Mass.|isbn=0-87893-817-6|oclc=60373934|first=Douglas E.|last=Soltis}}</ref>

Fosilni ostanki rozid so poznani že iz obdobja [[Kreda|krede]]. Približki na podlagi [[Molekularna ura|molekularne ure]] kažejo, da naj bi se rozide pojavile v obdobju pred 125 in 99,6 milijoni let.<ref>{{Navedi revijo|last=Davies|first=T. Jonathan|last2=Barraclough|first2=Timothy G.|last3=Chase|first3=Mark W.|last4=Soltis|first4=Pamela S.|last5=Soltis|first5=Douglas E.|last6=Savolainen|first6=Vincent|date=2004-02-17|title=Darwin's abominable mystery: Insights from a supertree of the angiosperms|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14766971|magazine=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=101|issue=7|pages=1904–1909|doi=10.1073/pnas.0308127100|issn=0027-8424|pmc=357025|pmid=14766971}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi revijo|last=Magallón|first=Susana|last2=Castillo|first2=Amanda|date=januar 2009|title=Angiosperm diversification through time|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21628193|magazine=American Journal of Botany|volume=96|issue=1|pages=349–365|doi=10.3732/ajb.0800060|issn=0002-9122|pmid=21628193}}</ref>

== Ime ==
Ime rozide je izpeljanka znanstvenega imena [[Rosidae]], ki se je pogosto dojemalo na ravni [[Podrazred (biologija)|podrazreda]]. Samo ime je neformalno in nima pripisanega taksonomskega ranka, ki bi ga potrdila [[ICBN]]. S pomočjo molekularnih [[Filogenija|filogenetskih]] analiz je bilo pokazano, da je skupina rozid [[Monofiletska skupina|monofiletska]].<ref>{{Navedi knjigo|title=Systematic Pomology (Vol. 1-2) (Set)|url=https://books.google.si/books?id=-A9fDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=rosids+icbn&source=bl&ots=jMq8xshbS_&sig=ACfU3U3xclR-x5fBqYmHmsb3MpWXNly78w&hl=sl&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipxab0zurwAhWhtYsKHd4IDVgQ6AEwEnoECBMQAw#v=onepage&q=rosids%20icbn&f=false|publisher=Scientific Publishers|date=2017-01-01|isbn=978-93-87741-03-4|language=en|first=O. P.|last=Pareek|first2=Suneel|last2=Sharma}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi knjigo|title=Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants: Eudicots|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128126288500080|publisher=Academic Press|date=2019-01-01|isbn=978-0-12-812628-8|language=en}}</ref>

Poznane so tri različne definicije rozid. Nekateri avtorji med rozide vključujejo tudi redova kamnokrečevcev ([[Saxifragales]]) in vinikovcev ([[Vitales]])<ref>{{Navedi revijo|last=Burleigh|first=J. Gordon|last2=Hilu|first2=Khidir W.|last3=Soltis|first3=Douglas E.|date=2009-03-17|title=Inferring phylogenies with incomplete data sets: a 5-gene, 567-taxon analysis of angiosperms|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19292928|magazine=BMC evolutionary biology|volume=9|pages=61|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-9-61|issn=1471-2148|pmc=2674047|pmid=19292928}}</ref>, drugod redova nista del rozid.<ref name=":1">{{Navedi splet|title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website|url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html|website=www.mobot.org|accessdate=2021-05-27}}</ref> V tem članku je uporabljena različica klasifikacije, ki temelji na [[Sistem APG IV|sistemu APG IV]] in vključuje vinikovce, izključuje pa kamnokrečevce.<ref name=":2">{{Navedi revijo|date=oktober 2009|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x|magazine=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=161|issue=2|pages=105–121|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x|issn=0024-4074}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Navedi revijo|date=2016-03-24|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|url=https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385|magazine=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|doi=10.1111/boj.12385|issn=0024-4074}}</ref>

== Sorodstveni odnosi ==
Rozide in kamnokrečevci (Saxifragales) skupaj tvorijo klad [[Superrozide|superrozid]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ta skupina je ena izmed treh, ki gradijo [[Pentapetalae]] ([[osrednje prave dvokaličnice]] brez reda [[Gunnerales]]), medtem ko sta drugi dve red [[Dilleniales]] in superasteride ([[Berberidopsidales]], [[Caryophyllales]] ali klinčkovci, [[Santalales]] ali lanikovci in [[asteride]]).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Navedi revijo|last=Cantino|first=Philip D.|last2=Doyle|first2=James A.|last3=Graham|first3=Sean W.|last4=Judd|first4=Walter S.|last5=Olmstead|first5=Richard G.|last6=Soltis|first6=Douglas E.|last7=Soltis|first7=Pamela S.|last8=Donoghue|first8=Michael J.|date=2007|title=Towards a Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Tracheophyta|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25065865|magazine=Taxon|volume=56|issue=3|pages=822–846|doi=10.2307/25065865|issn=0040-0262}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

== Klasifikacija ==
Rozide sestavljata dve skupini: red vinikovcev (Vitales) in '''prave rozide''' ('''evrozide'''). Prave rozide dalje delimo na '''fabide''' (tudi '''Fabidae''' ali '''prave rozide I''') in '''malvide''' (tudi '''Malvidae''' ali '''prave rozide II''').<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

=== Redovi ===
Rozide sestavlja 17 redov. Poleg vinikovcev je med fabidami 8 redov in med malvidami 8 redov. Nekateri izmed teh redov so bili priznani šele nedavno (Vitales, Zygophyllales, Crossosomatales, Picramniales in Huerteales).<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Navedi revijo|last=Reveal|first=James L.|date=1995|title=Newly required suprageneric names in vascular plants|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/34206|magazine=Phytologia.|volume=79|pages=68–76}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi knjigo|edition=2.|title=Anatomy of the dicotyledons|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7573782|publisher=Clarendon Press|date=1979–1998|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-854383-2|oclc=7573782|first=C. R.|last=Metcalfe|first2=D. F.|last2=Cutler|first3=M.|last3=Gregory}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi knjigo|edition=3.|title=The families of flowering plants; arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/758246|publisher=Clarendon Press|date=1973|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-854377-8|oclc=758246|first=J.|last=Hutchinson}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi revijo|last=Worberg|first=Andreas|last2=Alford|first2=Mac H.|last3=Quandt|first3=Dietmar|last4=Borsch|first4=Thomas|date=2009|title=Huerteales sister to Brassicales plus Malvales, and newly circumscribed to include Dipentodon, Gerrardina, Huertea, Perrottetia, and Tapiscia|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tax.582012|magazine=TAXON|language=en|volume=58|issue=2|pages=468–478|doi=10.1002/tax.582012|issn=1996-8175}}</ref>

== Filogenija ==
Spodnji kladogram prikazuje klad rozid in temelji na podatkih [[Skupina za filogenijo kritosemenk|Skupine za filogenijo kritosemenk]] (''Angiosperm Phylogeny Group'' ali APG).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
{{clade | style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%
|label1=rozide&nbsp;
|1={{clade
    |1=[[Vitales]] (vinikovci)
    |label2=prave rozide&nbsp;
    |2={{clade
       |label1=fabide&nbsp;
       |1={{clade
          |1=[[Zygophyllales]]
          |2={{clade
             |label1=klad&nbsp;COM&nbsp;
             |1={{clade
                |1=[[Celastrales]] (trdoleskovci)
                |2={{clade
                   |1=[[Malpighiales]]
                   |2=[[Oxalidales]]
                   }}
                }}
             |label2=klad dušik fiksirajočih
             |2={{clade
                |1=[[Fabales]] (stročnice)
                |2={{clade
                   |1=[[Rosales]] (šipkovci)
                   |2={{clade
                      |1=[[Fagales]] (bukovci)
                      |2=[[Cucurbitales]] (bučevci)
                      }}
                   }}
                }}
             }}
          }}
       |label2=malvide
       |2={{clade
          |1={{clade
             |1=[[Geraniales]] (krvomočnikovci)
             |2=[[Myrtales]] (mirtovci)
             }}
          |2={{clade
             |1=[[Crossosomatales]]
             |2={{clade
                |1=[[Picramniales]]
                |2={{clade
                   |1=[[Sapindales]] (javorovci)
                   |2={{clade
                      |1=[[Huerteales]]
                      |2={{clade
                         |1=[[Brassicales]] (križničevci)
                         |2=[[Malvales]] (slezenovci)
                         }}
                      }}
                   }}
                }}
             }}
          }}
       }}
    }}
}}

Klad [[dušik]] fiksirajočih rastlin zajema veliko rastlin, ki imajo v svojih [[Korenina|koreninskih]] [[Nodul|nodulih]] dušik fiksirajoče [[bakterije]], ki rastlinam pomagajo rasti v revni [[Prst (pedologija)|prsti]].<ref>{{Navedi revijo|last=Wall|first=null|date=junij 2000|title=The Actinorhizal Symbiosis|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11038226|magazine=Journal of Plant Growth Regulation|volume=19|issue=2|pages=167–182|doi=10.1007/s003440000027|issn=0721-7595|pmid=11038226}}</ref>

== Sklici ==
{{sklici}}

== Zunanje povezave ==
{{Wikivrste|Rosids}}
* {{Kategorija v Zbirki-medvrstično|Rosids}}
{{Kritosemenke po sistemu APG IV}}
[[Kategorija:Roside]]