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Naslednji seznam vsebuje pomembne izume in odkritja etničnih Armencev, vključno s tistimi, ki niso rojeni ali živijo v današnji Armeniji, in tistimi delno armenskega porekla.

Seznam

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Privzeta razvrstitev je kronološka

Ime Država/državljanstvo Področje Izum/odkritje (datum
Mesrop Maštoc Armensko kraljestvo Lingvistika Armenska abeceda (c. 405)[1][2]
Gruzinska abeceda[3][4] (c. 408;[5] sporno)
Kavkaško albanska abeceda[6][3][4] (c. 422)[5]
Ignacy Łukasiewicz[7][8] Avstrijska Poljska Inženirstvo, kemijsko Prva pertolejka (1853)[9]
Prva rafinerija nafte (1856)[10]
Gabriel Kazanjian[11] ZDA Inženirstvo, elektrotehnično Prenosni sušilnik za lase (1911)[12][13][14]
Stephen Stepanian ZDA Inženirstvo, industrijsko kamion za mešanje betona (1916)[15][16]
Emil Artin[17][18] Avstrija, ZDA Matematika Artinova L-funkcija (1923)[19]
Agrippina Vaganova[20] Ruski imperij, Sovjetska Zveza Umetnost Metoda Vaganove (1930s)[21]
Semjon Kirlian[22] Sovjetska Zveza Forografija Kirlianova fotografija (1939)[23]
Artem Mikojan Sovjetska Zveza Inženirstvo, aerospace Mikojan-Gurevič MiG-9, prvo sovjetsko serijsko reaktivno letalo (1946)[24]
Armen Alčjan[25] ZDA Ekonomija Nova institucionalna ekonomika (z Ronald Coase in Harold Demsetz)[30] (1946–84)
Viktor Amazaspovič Ambarcumjan Sovjetska Zveza, Armenija Astronomija Zvezdna asociacija (1947)[31][32]
Cyrus Melikian[33] ZDA Inženirstvo, elektrotehnično Kavni aparat (1947; with Lloyd Rudd)[34][35][36]
Armen Tahtadžjan[37] Sovjetska Zveza,
Rusija, Armenija
Botanika Tahtadžjanov sistem (1950)[38]
Sergej Mergeljan[39] Sovjetska Zveza Matematika Mergelyanov teorem (1951)[40]
Edward Keonjian[41] ZDA Inženirstvo, elektrotehnično Prvi žepni radijski oddajnik na sončno energijo (1954)[42]
Sarkis Acopian ZDA Inženirstvo, elektrotehnično Solar-powered radio (1957)[43][44][45]
Luther Simjian[46] ZDA Inženirstvo, elektrotehnično Prototype of automated teller machine (ATM) (1960)[47][48]
Benjamin Markarian Sovjetska Zveza Astronomija Markarian's Chain (1961)[49]
Markarian galaxies (1965–80)[50]
Gurgen Askaryan[51] Sovjetska Zveza Fizika, delcev Askaryan effect (1962)[52]
Michael Artin[53] ZDA Matematika Artin approximation theorem (1969)[54]
Alexander Kemurdzhian[55] Sovjetska Zveza Inženirstvo, vesoljsko Prva planetary rover, Lunokhod 1 (1970)[56][57]
Michel Ter-Pogossian[58][59] ZDA Medicina Positron emission tomography (PET) (1974)[60]
Suren Arakelov[61] Sovjetska Zveza Matematika Arakelov theory (1974)[61]
Raymond Damadian[62] ZDA Medicina Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1977)[63][64][65]
(disputed with Paul Lauterbur)[66][67]
Leonid Khachiyan[68][69] Sovjetska Zveza, ZDA Matematika Ellipsoid method (1979)[70][71]
Avedis Donabedian[75] ZDA Zdravstvo Donabedian model (1980–88)[76]
George Adomian ZDA Matematika Adomian decomposition method (1980s)[77]
Albert Kapikian[78][79] ZDA Medicina Rotavirus vaccine (1997)[80]
Yuri Oganessian[81] Sovjetska Zveza, Rusija Fizika, jedrska Discovery of superheavy elements:[82] Flerovium (1999),[83] Livermorium (2000),[84] Oganesson (2002),[85] Moscovium (2003),[86] Nihonium (2004),[87] Tennessine (2009)[88]
Cyrill Demian Avstro-Ogrska Inženirstvo,

Glasba

Accordion (1829)[89]
Hovannes Adamian Ruski imperij Inženirstvo Color Television (1908)[90]
Alex Manoogian ZDA Vodovodarstvo Delta Faucet (1952)[91]

Glej tudi

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Sklici

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  1. Bournoutian, George (2006). A Concise History of the Armenian People (5th izd.). Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers. str. 54.
  2. Sanjian, Avedis K. (1996). »The Armenian Alphabet«. V Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (ur.). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. str. 356-363. ISBN 9780195079937.
  3. 1 2 J. R. Russell. »Alphabets«. V Bowersock, G. W.; Brown, Peter; Grabar, Oleg (ur.). Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World. str. 289. Maštocʿ je ustvaril tudi gruzinsko in kavkaško-albansko abecedo, ki sta temeljili na armenskem modelu.
  4. 1 2 Clackson, James (2015). »The languages of Christianity«. Language and Society in the Greek and Roman Worlds. Cambridge University Press. str. 144. ISBN 9780521192354. Ko je Mesrop odkril svoj talent za ustvarjanje pisav, je izumil tudi posebne pisave za druge narode, kot so Gruzinci in Kavkaški Albanci. Ta dejanja so pogosto spregledana ali ne dovolj priznana.
  5. 1 2 Acharian, Hrachia (1984). Հայոց գրերը [The Armenian Letters]. Հայագիտական հետազոտությունների մատենաշար (v armenščini). Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing. str. 390–392.
  6. Jost, Gippert (2011). »The script of the Caucasian Albanians in the light of the Sinai palimpsests«. Die Entstehung der kaukasischen Alphabete als kulturhistorisches Phänomen : Referate des internationalen Symposions (Wien, 1.-4. Dezember 2005) = The creation of the Caucasian alphabets as phenomenon of cultural history. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. str. 39–50. ISBN 9783700170884. Kljub temu pa se zdi, da je »armenska« osnova abecede dovolj jasna, kar potrjuje zgodovinsko tradicijo, ki Mesropu Maštocu pripisuje izum albanske pisave.
  7. Ziółkowska-Boehm, Aleksandra (2013). The Polish Experience Through World War II. Lexington Books. str. 22. ISBN 978-0-7391-7819-5. Poljski Armenci so postali nepogrešljiv del naše poljske kulture.. Predniki Armencev ... so nam prinesli mnoge slavne osebnosti, kot je na primer Ignacy Łukasiewicz...
  8. Puda-Blokesz, Magdalena (20. julij 2011). »Ignacy Łukasiewicz« (PDF). chemia.zamkor.pl (v poljščini). ZamKor. str. 1. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča (PDF) dne 27. oktobra 2014. Ten ormiański szlachcic herbu Łada walczył w szeregach Tadeusza Kościuszki.
  9. Wołkowicz, Stanisław; Graniczny, Marek; Wołkowicz, Krystyna; Urban, Halina (2016). »History of the oil industry in Poland until 1939«. Special Publications. Geological Society of London. 442: 401–411. doi:10.1144/SP442.32. S2CID 132429686. ...izum učinkovite moderne petrolejke leta 1853, ki jo je ustvaril Ignacy Łukasiewicz..
  10. Groysman, Alec (2014). »History of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products«. Corrosion in Systems for Storage and Transportation of Petroleum Products and Biofuels. str. 224. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7884-9_10. ISBN 978-94-007-7884-9. ...poljski farmacevt Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (1822–1882), ki je prebival v Lvovu in je leta 1856 zgradil verjetno prvo rafinerijo nafte na svetu.
  11. Nodjimbadem, Katie (15. junij 2016). »Amazon's Jeff Bezos Honored at Citizenship Ceremony«. Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 20. maja 2021. Armenski priseljenec Gabriel Kazanjian je leta 1911 v Chicagu patentiral prvo prenosno sušilnik za lase.
  12. »A Lot of Hot Air«. The New York Times. 28. april 2016. In 1911, the Armenian-American inventor Gabriel Kazanjian received the first patent for a hand-held hair dryer....
  13. »Hair dryer«. maas.museum. Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 18. avgusta 2021. Leta 1911 je Američan Gabriel Kazanjian patentiral sušilnik za lase
  14. »US994259A: Hair-drier«. patents.google.com. Google Patents. 1911-06-06 Application granted
  15. »Stephen Stepanian portrait«. Columbus Metropolitan Library. 25. november 2020. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 15. avgusta 2021. Stepanian was the inventor of the motor-truck concrete mixer and is the "father" of the ready-mixed concrete industry. Stepanian designed a self-discharging motorized concrete transit mixer in 1916.
  16. »Ready Mixed Concrete«. cement.org. Portland Cement Association. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 12. avgusta 2021. In 1916, Stephen Stepanian of Columbus, Ohio, developed a self-discharging motorized transit mixer that was the predecessor of the modern ready-mixed concrete truck.
  17. Yandell, Benjamin (2001). The Honors Class: Hilbert's Problems and Their Solvers. CRC Press. str. 230. ISBN 9781439864227. Emil Artin was born on March 3, 1898, in Vienna, the son of an art dealer and grandson of an Armenian merchant of handmade rugs.
  18. Faith, Carl (2004). Rings And Things And A Fine Array Of Twentieth Century Associative Algebra (Mathematical Surveys and Monographs Volume 65). American Mathematical Society. str. 353. Mike [Artin] explained to me the Armenian origin of the family name, Artinian, which had been shortened in Germany and the United States.
  19. Cogdell, James (2007). »On Artin L-functions« (PDF). people.math.osu.edu. Ohio State University Department of Mathematics. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča (PDF) dne 6. maja 2021.
  20. Walker, Christopher J. (22. avgust 1981). »Dispersed. Review of The Armenians: A People in Exile David Marshall Lang (Allen and Unwin pp.203, 12.95)«. The Spectator. Št. 247. str. 22. Leading Armenians ... such as Agrippina Vaganova (Vahanian, in Armenian), director of the Maryinsky, later Kirov, Ballet, and author of Fundamentals of the Classic Dance;...
  21. Kisselgoff, Anna (16. junij 1987). »WITH AN OPEN MIND, CLAUDE BESSY MOLDS PARIS BALLET SCHOOL'S FUTURE«. The New York Times. In the Soviet Union, the curriculum developed by the teacher Agrippina Vaganova in the 1930's is applied throughout the country.
  22. Ponomarev, Fedor (26. februar 2020). »"Пошёл дальше Теслы». Кем был изобретатель «эффекта Кирлиана"«. kuban.aif.ru (v ruščini). Argumenty i Fakty. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 7. avgusta 2021. Семён Кирлиан появился на свет в большой армянской семье...
  23. Pilkington, Mark (4. februar 2004). »Bodies of light«. The Guardian.
  24. Schuster, Carl O. (2015) [1999]. »Mikoyan, Artem Ivanovich«. V Zabecki, David T. (ur.). World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. str. 415. The result was the MiG-9, the first Soviet jet fighter.
  25. »"The Armenian Adam Smith": UCLA Holds Conference in Honor of Armenian Economist«. Asbarez. 26. maj 2006. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 11. januarja 2020.
  26. Heinsohn, Gunnar; Steiger, Otto (2013). Ownership Economics: On the Foundations of Interest, Money, Markets, Business Cycles and Economic Development. Routledge. str. 25. ISBN 9781135131906. Along with Demsetz, Armen Alchian is regarded as one of the founders of new institutional economics.
  27. Read, Colin (2015). The Corporate Financiers: Williams, Modigliani, Miller, Coase, Williamson, Alchian, Demsetz, Jensen and Meckling. Palgrave Macmillan. str. 166. ISBN 978-1-137-34128-0. Alčjana [...] so videli kot pionirja in soustanovitelja prenovljene Nove institucionalne ekonomike, katere ključno vlogo pri oblikovanju je igrala UCLA.
  28. Benjamin, Daniel (19. februar 2013). »In Memoriam: Armen Alchian (1914 – 2013)«. Property and Environment Research Center. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 14. septembra 2021. Alčjana mlajši ekonomisti najbolj poznajo kot enega izmed ustanoviteljev Nove institucionalne ekonomike...
  29. Higgs, Robert (19. februar 2013). »Armen Alchian (April 12, 1914 – February 19, 2013)«. Independent Institute. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 7. januarja 2020. Kljub temu, da je Ronald Coase imel izjemen vpliv, nihče drug ni bolj prispeval k ustvarjanju in razvijanju tega. Ta smer velja za eno najpomembnejših izboljšav v osrednji ekonomiji v zadnjih petdesetih letih.
  30. [26][27][28][29]
  31. Saxon, Wolfgang (15. avgust 1996). »Viktor A. Ambartsumyan, 87, Expert on Formation of Stars«. The New York Times. str. 22. In 1947 he introduced the concept of stellar association into astronomy.
  32. Israelian, Garik (1997). »Obituary: Victor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian, 1912 [i.e. 1908] -1996«. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 29 (4): 1466–1467. Bibcode:1997BAAS...29.1466I. Discovery of Stellar Associations, 1947
  33. »K. Cyrus Melikian, an inventor with a coffee focus«. The Philadelphia Inquirer. 5. december 2008. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 12. avgusta 2021. Mr. Melikian's parents escaped the 1919 Armenian massacre and immigrated to Philadelphia shortly before he was born.
  34. Knight, Jerry (11. april 1988). »THE ULTIMATE FRENCH FRY MACHINE«. The Washington Post. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 15. avgusta 2021. Okay, so maybe nobody remembers that Melikian and partner Lloyd Rudd invented the coffee vending system...
  35. »MACHINE TO SERVE HOT COFFEE SHOWN; Developed by Rudd-Melikian, Big Demand Seen by Schools, Factories and Cafeterias«. The New York Times. 25. september 1947.
  36. Hicks, James L. (17. januar 1948). »Veteran's Whirl«. The Ohio State News. Columbus, Ohio. str. 14. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 15. avgusta 2021. Take the case of Lloyd Rudd and Cyrus Melikian. They were shivering in a railroad station one day when they walked up to a vending machine which was dishing out cold drinks for a nickel. "This damn thing should be giving out hot coffee instead of cold drinks," Rudd said. "That's an idea," said Melikian, and the two men invented "Kwik Kafe" hot coffee vending machine.
  37. Stevens, William K. (6. april 1993). »SCIENTIST AT WORK: Armen Takhtajan; Botanist Plans Survey of World's Flowers«. The New York Times. ...in his native Armenia.
  38. Gabrielyan, Ivan; Kovar-Eder, Johanna (Oktober 2009). »In memoriam Armen Leonovich Takhtajan« (PDF). IOP Newsletter. International Organisation of Palaeobotany (International Union of Biological Sciences). 91: 8–9. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča (PDF) dne 23. oktobra 2020.
  39. Arakelian, N. U.; Sahakian, A. A. (2008). »Сергей Никитович Мергелян (1928-2008) [Sergey Nikitovich Mergelyan (1928-2008)]«. Proceedings of the NAS Armenia: Mathematics (v ruščini). National Academy of Sciences of Armenia. 43 (6): 3–5. (archived text)
  40. »Mergelyan theorem«. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 19. julija 2020.
  41. »Obituaries: Edward Keonjian«. apnews.com. Associated Press. 11. september 1999. In 1954, Keonjian designed the world's first solar-powered, pocket-sized radio transmitter. ... Keonjian, an Armenian...[mrtva povezava]
  42. Brown, Pete (6. oktober 2009). »Keonjian Distinguished Professorship Honors Life and Work of "Father of Microelectronics"«. engr.arizona.edu. University of Arizona. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 14. maja 2011. Keonjian was a pioneer of low-power electronics, and in 1954 designed the world's first solar-powered, pocket-sized radio transmitter...
  43. »Sarkis Acopian«. muhlenberg.edu. Muhlenberg College. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 18. februarja 2020. In 1957, he took out a loan from a local bank and began his journey. That same year he designed and manufactured the first ever solar radio.
  44. Karapetian, Alex (Junij 2017). »Acopian: Powering the World Behind the Scenes for 60 Years«. IEEE Power Electronics Magazine. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 4 (2): 103–104. doi:10.1109/MPEL.2017.2692478. ... Sarkis Acopian ... developed something that is in wide use today—the solar radio. It was the first recorded solar-powered radio ever manufactured for commercial use.
  45. Dent, Charlie. »Honoring Sarkis Acopian«. govinfo.gov. United States Government Publishing Office. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 17. avgusta 2021. After forming the Acopian Technical Company in 1957, he designed and manufactured the first ever solar radio. Congressional Record, Volume 153, Number 21 (Monday, February 5, 2007), Pages H1173-H1174
  46. Gilpin, Kenneth N. (2. november 1997). »Luther Simjian Is Dead at 92; Held More Than 200 Patents«. New York Times. str. 45. While he was born in Turkey, he was of Armenian descent.
  47. Bandon, Alexandra (4. januar 1998). »The Lives They Lived; Make It New«. The New York Times. str. 40. ...his most famous invention was a 1960 bank-deposit machine that was the basis for the now-ubiquitous A.T.M., from which he never made a penny.
  48. Konheim, Alan G. [v nemščina] (2016). »Automated teller machines: their history and authentication protocols«. Journal of Cryptographic Engineering. 6: In 1962, Luther Simjian was issued a patent for an early and not-very-successful prototype of an ATM. doi:10.1007/s13389-015-0104-3. S2CID 1706990.
  49. Markarian, B.E. (1961). »Physical chain of galaxies in the Virgo cluster and its dynamic instability«. Astronomical Journal. 66: 555–557. Bibcode:1961AJ.....66..555M.
  50. Mickaelian, Areg M. (Oktober 2013). »Markarian survey and Markarian galaxies«. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 9: 1–10. doi:10.1017/S1743921314003147. S2CID 122731075.
  51. Bolotovskii, Boris (november 2000). »Reminiscences of Gurgen Askaryan«. RADHEP-2000: First International Workshop on Radio Detection of High-Energy Particles. University of California, Los Angeles. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 20. oktobra 2020. All his life Gurgen Ashotovich Askaryan lived and worked in Moscow. He spoke about himself: \I am an Armenian of the Moscow bottling".{{navedi splet}}: Vzdrževanje CS1: samodejni prevod datuma (povezava)
  52. Miller, Katrina (27. april 2021). »Searching for the Universe's Most Energetic Particles, Astronomers Turn on the Radio«. Scientific American. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 17. avgusta 2021. This phenomenon is known as the Askaryan effect, after Russian-Armenian physicist Gurgen Askaryan, who first predicted it in 1962.
  53. Robertson, Edmund; O'Connor, John. »Michael Artin«. MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive. University of St Andrews. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 30. aprila 2021. Emil Artin, born in Vienna, was descended from an Armenian carpet merchant.
  54. Artin, Michael (1969), »Algebraic approximation of structures over complete local rings«, Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS, 36 (36): 23–58, doi:10.1007/BF02684596, MR 0268188, S2CID 4617543
  55. »Alexander Kemurdjian«. The Planetary Society. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 26. januarja 2020. Alexander Kemurdjian was a pioneering scientist, of Armenian heritage...
  56. Benson, Alvin K. (2010). Inventors & Inventions. Salem Press. str. 1285. ISBN 9781587655265. Kemurdzhian, Alexander (October 4, 1921 -February 25, 2003): Russian. Kemurdzhian designed Lunokhod 1, the first space-exploration rover, which roamed on the Moon in 1970.
  57. Harvey, Brian (2007). Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration. Springer Science & Business Media. str. 249. ISBN 9780387739762.
  58. Wackers, Frans J. Th. (Avgust 2018). »Michael M. Ter-Pogossian (1925-1996)«. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology. 25 (4): 1090–1091. doi:10.1007/s12350-018-1313-9. PMID 29869324. S2CID 46934249.
  59. Saxon, Wolfgang (21. junij 1996). »Michel M. Ter-Pogossian, 71; Led Research on PET Scanner«. The New York Times. str. 25.
  60. »Michel Ter-Pogossian Honored as Nuclear Medicine Pioneer«. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 26 (5): 449. Maj 1985.
  61. 1 2 »Аракелов Сурен Юрьевич«. tsput.ru (v ruščini). Tula State Pedagogical University named after L. N. Tolstoy. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 24. novembra 2022. армянин по происхождению ... Основной результат учёного — создание в 1974 году теории, названной его именем — геометрии Аракелова
  62. Edson, Lee (6. februar 1986). »Books: Beyond X-rays«. The New York Times. He is Dr. Raymond Damadian, the son of an Armenian-born father and a French-Armenian mother, and the inventor of the nuclear magnetic resonance scanner...
  63. »Raymond Damadian«. lemelson.mit.edu. Lemelson–MIT Prize. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 15. avgusta 2021. Developed the first MR (Magnetic Resonance) Scanning Machine
  64. Macchia, Richard J.; Termine, Jack E.; Buchen, Charles D. (2007). »Raymond V. Damadian, M.D.: magnetic resonance imaging and the controversy of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine«. The Journal of Urology. American Urological Association. 178 (1): 783–5. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2007.05.019. PMID 17631325. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine can be awarded to a maximum of 3 scientists for any single discovery but in this instance was only given to 2. Excluding Doctor Damadian seems to be a serious and purposeful omission.
  65. Kauffman, George (2014). »Nobel Prize for MRI Imaging Denied to Raymond V. Damadian a Decade Ago«. The Chemical Educator. 19: 73–90. ISSN 1430-4171. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 10. novembra 2017. This article surveys previous contributions to nuclear magnetic resonance for which Nobel Prizes were awarded, explores Damadian's personal and professional career, and concludes that Damadian's seminal discovery preceded and was more fundamental than Lauterbur's developments.
  66. Wade, Nicholas (11. oktober 2003). »Doctor Disputes Winners of Nobel in Medicine«. The New York Times.
  67. »Raymond Vahan Damadian«. nationalmedals.org. National Medal of Technology. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 15. januarja 2021. For their independent contributions in conceiving and developing the application of magnetic resonance technology to medical uses including whole body scanning and diagnostic imaging.
  68. »World Renowned Computer Scientist Leonid G. Khachiyan Dies at 52«. Rutgers University Department of Computer Science. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 11. septembra 2016. (archived PDF) "Of Armenian descent, Khachiyan was born on May 3, 1952, in St. Petersburg..."
  69. Whitney, Craig R. (27. november 1979). »Soviet Mathematician Is Obscure No More«. The New York Times. Mr. Khachiyan is of Armenian background...
  70. Bland, Robert G.; Goldfarb, Donald; Todd, Michael J. (1981). »The Ellipsoid Method: A Survey« (PDF). Operations Research. 29 (6): 1039–1091. doi:10.1287/opre.29.6.1039. JSTOR 170362. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča (PDF) dne 1. julija 2015.
  71. Todd, Michael (Oktober 2005). »Leonid Khachiyan, 1952–2005: An Appreciation«. SIAG/OPT Views-and-News. SIAM Activity Group on Optimization. 16 (1–2): 4–6. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.131.3938.
  72. Berkowitz, Edward (16. april 1998). »Interview with Avedis Donabedian«. nlm.nih.gov. United States National Library of Medicine. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 16. septembra 2021.
  73. Best, M.; Neuhauser, D. (2004). »Avedis Donabedian: father of quality assurance and poet«. BMJ Quality & Safety. 13 (6): 472–473. doi:10.1136/qshc.2004.012591. PMC 1743903. PMID 15576711.
  74. Frenk, Julio (2000). »Obituary: Avedis Donabedian« (PDF). Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 78 (12): 1475. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča (PDF) dne 16. septembra 2021.
  75. [72][73][74]
  76. McQuestion, Michael J. (2006). »Conceptualizing Quality of Care« (PDF). jhsph.edu. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča (PDF) dne 16. septembra 2021. The most common framework is that of Donabedian (1980, 1986, 1988) who conceptualized three quality-of-care dimensions.
  77. Cano, J. A. Sánchez (2011). »Adomian Decomposition Method for a Class of Nonlinear Problems«. ISRN Applied Mathematics. Hindawi. 2011: 1–10. doi:10.5402/2011/709753. S2CID 73151867.
  78. Langer, Emily (21. marec 2014). »Albert Z. Kapikian, prominent National Institutes of Health virologist, dies at 83«. The Washington Post. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 24. januarja 2016. Albert Zaven Kapikian was born May 9, 1930, in the Bronx to Armenian immigrants.
  79. Morens, David M.; Fauci, Anthony S. (2015). »In Memoriam: Albert Z. Kapikian, MD, 1930–2014«. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 211 (8): 1199–1201. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv034. PMID 25737559. The second profound influence was his parents' harrowing escapes from the 1915 Armenian genocide...
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