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{{Infopolje Element |
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|name=neon |
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|name2=neona |
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|number=10 |
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|symbol=Ne |
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|pronounce=néon |
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|left=[[fluor]] |
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|right=[[natrij]] |
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|above=[[helij|He]] |
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|below=[[argon|Ar]] |
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|series=žlahtni plin |
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|series comment= |
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|group=18 |
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|period=2 |
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|block=p |
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|series color= |
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|appearance=brezbarvni plin, ki se sveti oranžno-rdeče v visokonapetostnem električnem polju |
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|image name=Neon discharge tube.jpg |
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|image size= |
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|image name comment= |
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|image name 2=Neon spectra.jpg |
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|image name 2 comment=Spekter neona v vidnem delu |
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|atomic mass=20,1797 |
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|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref> |
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|atomic mass 2=6 |
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|atomic mass comment= |
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|electron configuration=[[[Helij|He]]] 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> |
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|electrons per shell=2, 8 |
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|phase=plin |
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|phase comment= |
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|density gplstp=0,9002 |
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|density gpcm3nrt= |
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|density gpcm3nrt 2= |
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|density gpcm3mp= |
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|density gpcm3bp=1,207 |
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|density gpcm3bp ref=<ref name=CRC>{{cite book |
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| last1=Hammond|first1=C.R.|title=The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition| publisher=CRC press | year=2000| page=19 |isbn=0849304814 | url=http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elements.pdf}}</ref> |
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|melting point K=24,56 |
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|melting point C=−248,59 |
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|melting point F=−415,46 |
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|boiling point K=27,104 |
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|boiling point C=−246,046 |
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|boiling point F=−410,883 |
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|triple point K=24,556 |
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|triple point kPa=43,37 |
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|triple point ref=<ref name="ITS90">{{cite journal | first=H. | last=Preston-Thomas | title=The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) | journal=Metrologia | volume=27 | pages=3–10 | year=1990 | url=http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/its-90.html | doi=10.1088/0026-1394/27/1/002|bibcode=1990Metro..27....3P }}</ref><ref name=b92>{{RubberBible92nd|page=4.122}}</ref> |
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|critical point K=44,4918 |
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|critical point MPa=2,7686 |
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|critical point ref=<ref name=b92/> |
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|heat fusion=0,335 |
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|heat vaporization=1,71 |
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|heat capacity=20,79<ref>Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.</ref> |
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|vapor pressure 1=12 |
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|vapor pressure 10=13 |
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|vapor pressure 100=15 |
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|vapor pressure 1 k=18 |
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|vapor pressure 10 k=21 |
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|vapor pressure 100 k=27 |
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|vapor pressure comment= |
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|crystal structure=face-centered cubic |
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|oxidation states= '''0''' |
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|number of ionization energies=4 |
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|ionization energy 1=2080,7 |
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|ionization energy 2=3952,3 |
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|ionization energy 3=6122 |
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|atomic radius= |
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|atomic radius calculated= |
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|covalent radius=58 |
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|Van der Waals radius=154 |
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|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetizem|diamagnetik]] |
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|magnetic ordering ref=<ref>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in {{RubberBible86th}}</ref> |
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|electrical resistivity= |
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|electrical resistivity at 0= |
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|electrical resistivity at 20= |
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|thermal conductivity=49,1×10<sup>−3</sup> |
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|thermal conductivity 2= |
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|thermal diffusivity= |
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|thermal expansion= |
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|thermal expansion at 25= |
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|speed of sound=435 |
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|speed of sound comment=(plin, pri 0 °C) |
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|speed of sound rod at 20= |
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|speed of sound rod at r.t.= |
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|Young's modulus= |
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|Shear modulus= |
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|Bulk modulus=654 |
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|Poisson ratio= |
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|Mohs hardness= |
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|Vickers hardness= |
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|Brinell hardness= |
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|CAS number=7440-01-9 |
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|isotopes= |
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{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=20 | sym=Ne | na=90,48% | n=10 |firstlinks=yes}} |
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{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=21 | sym=Ne | na=0,27% | n=11 |firstlinks=no}} |
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{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=22 | sym=Ne | na=9,25% | n=12 |firstlinks=no}} |
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|isotopes comment= |
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|predicted by=[[William Ramsay]] |
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|prediction date=1897 |
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|discovery and first isolation by=William Ramsay & [[Morris Travers]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=On the Companions of Argon|author= [[William Ramsay|Ramsay, William]], Travers, Morris W.|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London|volume=63|issue=1|pages=437–440|year=1898|doi=10.1098/rspl.1898.0057}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/elem/e01000.html |title=Neon: History |accessdate=2007-02-27|publisher=Softciências}}</ref> |
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|discovery date=1898 |
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}} |
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'''Néon''' je [[kemijski element]], ki ima v [[periodni sistem elementov|periodnem sistemu]] simbol '''Ne''' in [[atomsko število]] [[10 (število)|10]]. Ta brezbarvni skoraj [[inertnost|inerten]] [[žlahtni plin]] daje značilen rdečkast sijaj, ko se uporablja v ceveh za vakumsko razelektritev (''vacuum discharge tubes''???) in [[neonska svetilka|neonskih svetilkah]], v zraku pa ga najdemo v sledeh. |
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== |
== Neon je gej == |
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Neon je drugi najlažji [[žlahtni plin]], ki sije rdečkasto-oranžno v [[cev za vakumsko razelektritev|ceveh za vakuumsko razelektritev]] in ima 40-kratno zmožnost zamrzovanja glede na tekoči [[helij]] in trikratno glede na tekoči [[vodik]] (glede na prostorninsko enoto). Za večino namenov je dražje [[zamrzovalno sredstvo]] od helija. Neon ima od vseh redkih plinov najintenzivnejšo razelektritev pri normalnih voltažah in tokovih. |
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== Uporaba == |
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Rdečkasto-oranžna barva, ki jo neon oddaja v [[neonska svetilka|neonski svetilki]] se na široko uporablja za oglaševalske [[neonski znaki|znake]]. Izraz "neonska svetilka" se na splošno uporablja tudi pri svetilkah z drugimi plini, ki svetijo z drugimi barvami. Drugi nameni: |
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* indikatorji visokih voltaž, |
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* zaščita pred strelo, |
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* cevi za merjenje valovanja (''wave meter tubes''????), |
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* [[televizija|televizijske]] cevi, |
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* neon in helij se uporabljata za izdelavo plinskega [[helijsko-neonski laser|laserja]]. |
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Utekočinjeni neon se komercialno uporablja kot [[kriogenika|kriogensko]] [[zamrzovalno sredstvo]], toda zato ker je redkejši od drugih plinov in dražji se ne uporablja pogosto. |
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== Zgodovina == |
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Neon ([[grščina|grško]] ''neos'' pomeni "nov") sta leta [[1898]] odkrila [[William Ramsay]] in [[Morris Travers]]. |
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== Pojavitve == |
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Neon navadno najdemo v [[plin]]ski obliki, v kateri se [[molekula|molekule]] sestojijo iz enega samega [[atom]]a neona. Neon je redki plin, ki ga v [[Zemlja|Zemljinem]] [[ozračje|ozračju]] najdemo 1 delec na 65.000 drugih in ga pridobivajo s podohlajenim zrakom in frakcijsko [[destilacija|destilacijo]] od nastale kriogenske tekočine. |
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==Sklici== |
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{{sklici|1}} |
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== Zunanje povezave == |
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{{Wikislovar|neon|Neon}} |
{{Wikislovar|neon|Neon}} |
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{{commons|neon}} |
{{commons|neon}} |
Redakcija: 12:19, 12. april 2018
Neon je gej